1.1-Materials And Their Applications

Question 1

Stock Form

Answer 1

The set of standard sizes in which materials are available

Question 2

Advantages of using stock form

Answer 2

• can be transported more easily
• less expensive
• uniformity of material sizes across countries

Question 3

Mechanical properties

Answer 3

How a material reacts to an external force

Question 4

Physical property

Answer 4

The actual make-up or structure of the material

Question 5

Compressive strength

Answer 5

The ability to withstand being crushed or shortened by pushing forces (compression)

Question 6

Tensile strength

Answer 6

The ability to resist stretching or pulling forces (tension)

Question 7

Bending strength

Answer 7

The ability to resist forces that may bend the material

Question 8

Shear strength

Answer 8

The ability to resist sliding forces on a parallel plane

Question 9

Torsional strength

Answer 9

The ability to withstand twisting forces from applied torque or torsion

Question 10

Hardness

Answer 10

The ability to resist abrasive wear such as scratching, surface indentation or cutting

Question 11

Toughness

Answer 11

The ability to absorb impact force without fracture

Question 12

Plasticity

Answer 12

The ability to be permanently deformed (shaped) and retain the deformed shape

Question 13

Ductility

Answer 13

The ability to be drawn out under tension, reducing the cross-sectional area without cracking, for example stretching a material into a wire

Question 14

Malleability

Answer 14

The ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking. Malleability increases with a rise in temperature

Question 15

Elasticity

Answer 15

The ability to be deformed and then return to the original shape when the force is removed

Question 16

Electrical conductor

Answer 16

Allows the flow of electrical current through the material. A good conductor gives very little resistance to the flow of charge

Question 17

Electrical insulator

Answer 17

Does not allow the flow of electricity through the material

Question 18

Thermal conductor

Answer 18

Allows the transfer of heat energy through the material. A material with high thermal conductivity allows the transfer of heat to occur quickly across the material

Question 19

Thermal insulator

Answer 19

Prevents the transfer of heat through the material

Question 20

Thermal expansion

Answer 20

The increase in material volume in response to a heat input

Question 21

Opaque

Answer 21

Prevents light from traveling through

Question 22

Translucent

Answer 22

Allows light through but diffuses the light so that the objects appear blurred. Frosted glass is an example of a translucent material

Question 23

Transparent

Answer 23

Allows light to pass through easily which means you can see clearly through the material

Question 24

Density

Answer 24

The mass of the material in a standard volume of space

Question 25

Fusibility

Answer 25

The ability of the material to be fused or converted from a solid to a liquid or molten state, usually by heat. Good fusibility is an essential property for a metal being cast

Question 26

Magnetism

Answer 26

The natural force between objects that causes the material to attract iron or steels

Question 27

Corrosion/degradation resistance

Answer 27

The ability of the material to withstand environmental attack and decay