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PRODUCT DESIGN > 1.1 Material Properties > Flashcards

1.1 Material Properties Flashcards

1
Q

What are mechanical properties

A

Associated with how the material reacts to an external force

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2
Q

What’s a physical property of a material?

A

Associated with the actual make up or structure of the material

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3
Q

What’s compressive stregrth

A

Ability to withstand being crushed by pushing forces (compression)

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4
Q

What’s tensile strength?

A

Ability to resist stretching/pulling forces (Tension)

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5
Q

What’s bending strength

A

Ability to withstand forces that may bend the material

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6
Q

What’s shear strength

A

The ability to resist sliding forces on a parallel plane

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7
Q

What’s torsional strength?

A

Ability to withstand twisting forces from applied torsion

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8
Q

What’s hardness of a material?

A

The ability to withstand scratches, indentation or cutting

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9
Q

What’s the toughness of a material?

A

The ability to absorb impact without fracture

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10
Q

What’s plasticity?

A

The ability to be permanently deformed in shape

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11
Q

What’s elasticity?

A

The ability to be deformed and then return back to its original shape

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12
Q

What’s ductility?

A

The ability to be drawn out under tension, reducing the cross sectional area without cracking - eg, stretching a material into wire

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13
Q

What’s malleability?

A

Ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking. Malleability increases with a rise in temperature.

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14
Q

What’s an electrical conductor and insulator?

A

Allows the flow of electrical current through the material

Insulator - does not allow the flow of electricity through the material

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15
Q

What’s a thermal conductor or thermal insulator?

A

Conductor- Allows the transfer of heat energy through the material

Insulator - Prevents the transfer of heat through the material

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16
Q

What does thermal expansion mean?

A

The increase in material volume in response to a heat input

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17
Q

What does density mean ?

A

The mass of the material in a standard volume of space

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18
Q

What’s fusibility?

A

The ability of the material to be fused or converted from a solid into a liquid or molten state, usually by heat

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19
Q

What is magnetism

A

The natural force between objects that causes the material to attract iron or steels

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20
Q

What does corrosion/degradation resistance mean?

A

The ability of the material to withstand environmental attack and decay

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21
Q

What are the three types of metals?

A

Ferrous
Non ferrous
Alloy

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22
Q

What is a ferrous metal

A

A metal containing mostly iron and carbon. Ferrous metals are magnetic and WILL rust

23
Q

What are 3 Ferrous Metals?

A

Low Carbon Steel
Medium Carbon Steel
Cast Iron

24
Q

What is a non ferrous metal?

A

A metal that does not contain iron. It is not magnetic and will not Rust

25
Q

Name 7 Non ferrous metals

A 
Aluminium
Copper
Sink
Silver
Gold
Titanium
Tin
26
Q

What is an alloy metal

A

A material made up of 2+ different metals.

They can also be devided into ferrous and non ferrous

27
Q

What are 2 ferrous alloys

A

Stainless steel

Die steel

28
Q

What are 4 non ferrous alloys?

A

Bronze
Brass
Duralumin
Pewter

29
Q

Why is aluminium suitable for a drink can?

A

Malleable = can be deep drawn into shape

Lightweight = easy to lift and transport

Food safe material

Non ferrous so will not rust

Easy to recycle and use again - low melting point

Aesthetically pleasing

30
Q

What is a hard wood?

A

Hardwoods come from deciduous trees - broad leaded.

They are slow growing and lose leaves in autumn

(CHRISTMAS TREE)

31
Q

What are 6 Hardwoods

A 
Oak 
Ash 
Mahogany
Teal
Birch
Beech
32
Q

What is a soft wood

A

Come from coniferous trees.

Generally fast growing and tend to be ever green

33
Q

Name 6 softwoods

A 
Pine
Spruce
Douglas fir
Redwood 
Cedar 
Larch
34
Q

What is manufactured board

A

A man mad wood based composite material

Available in much larger sizes than natural wood

35
Q

What are 6 types of manufactured board?

A 
MDF 
plywood
Marine Plywood
Flexible Plywood
Chipboard
Aeroply
36
Q

Why is team suitable for an outdoor bench?

A

Contains natural oils to resist moisture - making it weather resistant

Contains natural oils that resist acids and alkalis such as bird boo or cleaning liquids

Aesthetically pleasing due to natural dark brown colour and straight drain

It’s hard meaning it will withstand scratches from buttons etc

37
Q

What are the 3 types of wood

A

Hardwood
Softwood
Man made board

38
Q

What are the 3 types of plastics

A

Thermoplastic
Thermosetting plastic
Elastomers

39
Q

What’s a thermo plastic

A

A material which can be repeatedly reshaped and reheated, allowing it to be recycled

40
Q

What are examples of thermoplastics

A 
LDPE
HDPE 
PolyPropylene
HIPS
ABS
PMMA
PET
PVC
41
Q

What’s a thermosetting polymer?

A

A material which when heated undergoes a chemical change whereby the molecules form rigid cross links

They can not be reheated or reshapes, even at very High temperatures

42
Q

What are 4 thermosetting polymers

A

Urea formaldehyde
Melamine formaldehyde
Polyester resin
Epoxy resin

43
Q

What is an elastomer

A

A material which at room temperature can be deformed under pressure and then upon release of pressure will return to its original shape.

They have weak bonds = easy to stretch

44
Q

What are 4 elastomers

A

Natural rubber
Silicone
Polyburadiene
Neoprene

45
Q

Why is PET suitable for a drinks bottle?

A

Thermoplastic = can be recycled

Tough = If user drops bottle it won’t release content

Available in transparent form

Impermeable to carbon dioxide

46
Q

Why is melamine formaldehyde suitable for a kitchen worktop?

A

Thermosetting polymer with high melting point - hot pans and bowls

Chemical resistant which allows workshop to be cleaned with detergent

Hard = clean surface without scratching

Can be pigmented for colour to fit kitchen aesthetics

47
Q

Why is neoprene suitable for a swim suit?

A

Elastomers = stretch and fit tightly around body

Good degradation resistance so wont be damaged by salt water in sea

Can be pigmented for colour

48
Q

What is a composite material

A

Made up of two or more different materials for enhanced properties

  • fibre based
  • particle based
    OR
  • sheet based
49
Q

What are examples of composites

A 
CFRP 
GRP
tungsten carbide
Aliminium composite board
Concrete
Fibre cement
Engineered wood
50
Q

What’s a smart material

A

A material who’s physical properties change in response to a external stimuli

Eg heat water electricity light

51
Q

What are some smart material

A 
SMA 
thermochromatic pigment 
Thermochromatic film
Phosphorescent pigment
Photochromic pigment
Electroluminescent wire
Piezo electric material
52
Q

What is a modern material

A

A material developed through the invention of a new or improved process

They are not smart materials as they do not react to external change

53
Q

What are some modern materials

A 
Carbon fibre
Kevlar
Precious metal clay
High feisty modelling foam
Polymorph

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