1.1 Material Properties Flashcards
What are mechanical properties
Associated with how the material reacts to an external force
What’s a physical property of a material?
Associated with the actual make up or structure of the material
What’s compressive stregrth
Ability to withstand being crushed by pushing forces (compression)
What’s tensile strength?
Ability to resist stretching/pulling forces (Tension)
What’s bending strength
Ability to withstand forces that may bend the material
What’s shear strength
The ability to resist sliding forces on a parallel plane
What’s torsional strength?
Ability to withstand twisting forces from applied torsion
What’s hardness of a material?
The ability to withstand scratches, indentation or cutting
What’s the toughness of a material?
The ability to absorb impact without fracture
What’s plasticity?
The ability to be permanently deformed in shape
What’s elasticity?
The ability to be deformed and then return back to its original shape
What’s ductility?
The ability to be drawn out under tension, reducing the cross sectional area without cracking - eg, stretching a material into wire
What’s malleability?
Ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking. Malleability increases with a rise in temperature.
What’s an electrical conductor and insulator?
Allows the flow of electrical current through the material
Insulator - does not allow the flow of electricity through the material
What’s a thermal conductor or thermal insulator?
Conductor- Allows the transfer of heat energy through the material
Insulator - Prevents the transfer of heat through the material
What does thermal expansion mean?
The increase in material volume in response to a heat input
What does density mean ?
The mass of the material in a standard volume of space
What’s fusibility?
The ability of the material to be fused or converted from a solid into a liquid or molten state, usually by heat
What is magnetism
The natural force between objects that causes the material to attract iron or steels
What does corrosion/degradation resistance mean?
The ability of the material to withstand environmental attack and decay
What are the three types of metals?
Ferrous
Non ferrous
Alloy
What is a ferrous metal
A metal containing mostly iron and carbon. Ferrous metals are magnetic and WILL rust
What are 3 Ferrous Metals?
Low Carbon Steel
Medium Carbon Steel
Cast Iron
What is a non ferrous metal?
A metal that does not contain iron. It is not magnetic and will not Rust
Name 7 Non ferrous metals
Aluminium Copper Sink Silver Gold Titanium Tin
What is an alloy metal
A material made up of 2+ different metals.
They can also be devided into ferrous and non ferrous
What are 2 ferrous alloys
Stainless steel
Die steel
What are 4 non ferrous alloys?
Bronze
Brass
Duralumin
Pewter
Why is aluminium suitable for a drink can?
Malleable = can be deep drawn into shape
Lightweight = easy to lift and transport
Food safe material
Non ferrous so will not rust
Easy to recycle and use again - low melting point
Aesthetically pleasing
What is a hard wood?
Hardwoods come from deciduous trees - broad leaded.
They are slow growing and lose leaves in autumn
(CHRISTMAS TREE)
What are 6 Hardwoods
Oak Ash Mahogany Teal Birch Beech
What is a soft wood
Come from coniferous trees.
Generally fast growing and tend to be ever green
Name 6 softwoods
Pine Spruce Douglas fir Redwood Cedar Larch
What is manufactured board
A man mad wood based composite material
Available in much larger sizes than natural wood
What are 6 types of manufactured board?
MDF plywood Marine Plywood Flexible Plywood Chipboard Aeroply
Why is team suitable for an outdoor bench?
Contains natural oils to resist moisture - making it weather resistant
Contains natural oils that resist acids and alkalis such as bird boo or cleaning liquids
Aesthetically pleasing due to natural dark brown colour and straight drain
It’s hard meaning it will withstand scratches from buttons etc
What are the 3 types of wood
Hardwood
Softwood
Man made board
What are the 3 types of plastics
Thermoplastic
Thermosetting plastic
Elastomers
What’s a thermo plastic
A material which can be repeatedly reshaped and reheated, allowing it to be recycled
What are examples of thermoplastics
LDPE HDPE PolyPropylene HIPS ABS PMMA PET PVC
What’s a thermosetting polymer?
A material which when heated undergoes a chemical change whereby the molecules form rigid cross links
They can not be reheated or reshapes, even at very High temperatures
What are 4 thermosetting polymers
Urea formaldehyde
Melamine formaldehyde
Polyester resin
Epoxy resin
What is an elastomer
A material which at room temperature can be deformed under pressure and then upon release of pressure will return to its original shape.
They have weak bonds = easy to stretch
What are 4 elastomers
Natural rubber
Silicone
Polyburadiene
Neoprene
Why is PET suitable for a drinks bottle?
Thermoplastic = can be recycled
Tough = If user drops bottle it won’t release content
Available in transparent form
Impermeable to carbon dioxide
Why is melamine formaldehyde suitable for a kitchen worktop?
Thermosetting polymer with high melting point - hot pans and bowls
Chemical resistant which allows workshop to be cleaned with detergent
Hard = clean surface without scratching
Can be pigmented for colour to fit kitchen aesthetics
Why is neoprene suitable for a swim suit?
Elastomers = stretch and fit tightly around body
Good degradation resistance so wont be damaged by salt water in sea
Can be pigmented for colour
What is a composite material
Made up of two or more different materials for enhanced properties
- fibre based
- particle based
OR - sheet based
What are examples of composites
CFRP GRP tungsten carbide Aliminium composite board Concrete Fibre cement Engineered wood
What’s a smart material
A material who’s physical properties change in response to a external stimuli
Eg heat water electricity light
What are some smart material
SMA thermochromatic pigment Thermochromatic film Phosphorescent pigment Photochromic pigment Electroluminescent wire Piezo electric material
What is a modern material
A material developed through the invention of a new or improved process
They are not smart materials as they do not react to external change
What are some modern materials
Carbon fibre Kevlar Precious metal clay High feisty modelling foam Polymorph
