11. Life Assurance Flashcards

1
Q

Key features of investment bonds? (4)

A

Investment is lump sum only - no regular premiums

Life assurance element limited to 10% policy value on death - no guranteed sum assured

Non-qualifying

Unit-linked or with-profits

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2
Q

What is segmentation of an investment bond?

A

Splitting investment into multiple sub-policies
Avoids tax on excess withdrawals as individual sub-bonds can be encashed early

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3
Q

What is an open-architecture investment bond?

A

Funds available from other providers

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4
Q

What are the criteria for qualifying life assurance policies? (6)

A
  • Premiums paid at least annually
  • Policy term at least 10yrs
  • Provide a death benefit (sum assured) of >75% of premiums payable over term
    - whole-of-life term ends age 75
    - endowments; 75% requirement reduces by 2% p.a >55yo
  • Premiums in any year cannot be more than 2x any other year
  • Premiums in any year cannot exceed 12.5% of total premiums over term
  • Must run for 75% initial term (max 10yrs) to remain qualifying
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5
Q

What is the tax treatment of qualifying and non-qualifying life assurance policies?

A

The LA fund pays 20% CT, and investor is treated as having paid 20% basic rate tax.

Qualifying: no further tax to be paid
Non-qualifying: higher/additional rate tax if applicable

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6
Q

Describe a with-profits endowment (2) and the 2 types?

A

Excess gains from investments are held in reserve or added to policyholder’s guaranteed sum assured (reversionary bonus)

Terminal/final bonus also paid on maturity/death

Full endowment: guaranteed sum assured equal to target maturity value - expensive
Low-cost endowment: guaranteed sum assured much lower than target maturity value, so relies on bonuses

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7
Q

Key features of unitised with-profits endowment? (2)

A

Investor buys units in with-profits fund
Bonuses either increase value of units or allocate new units

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8
Q

What are Market Value Adjuster/Reductions?

A

Charge if switching between funds in a unitised with-profits endowment, to protect other policyholders

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9
Q

Key features of unit-linked endowment? (4)

A

Provide guaranteed death benefit but maturity value depends on investment performance
If fund is behind target, investor can either increase premiums or reduce sum assured
Offer + Bid price applies + 5% initial charge
Early surrender charge may apply

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10
Q

What is the tax treatment of with-profits endowments sold on secondary market? Seller + Buyer

A

Seller has no CGT or income tax if qualifying policy (75%/10yr criteria)

At sale, the policy becomes non-qualifying, so buyer is taxed on maturity

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11
Q

Key features of with-profits investment bond? (3)

A

Original capital is guaranteed
Annual reversionary or terminal bonuses added (sometimes guaranteed)
Can withdraw at certain intervals otherwise MVA/MVR apply

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12
Q

Tax treatment of guaranteed income + growth bonds?

A

Income: 5% initial capital can be taken tax-free (excess withdrawals taxed as gains) then whole return is taxed at maturity

Growth: gain taxed as CGT

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13
Q

Describe a distributor bond?

A

Income and capital separated
Income paid out regularly but capital remains invested

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14
Q

Tax treatment of investment bonds?

A

Fund manager pays 20% CT on gains
Investor deemed to have paid 20% basic rate
Non-payers can reclaim, higher + additional pay more

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15
Q

Calculation of tax liability of investment bond?

A

Surrender proceeds
+ Total withdrawals made
- Initial investment
- Excess withdrawals (already taxed)

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16
Q

Describe an annuity

A

Offered by life assurance companies
Lump sum in return for guaranteed income for life or agreed term
Rates based on life expectancy incl postcode

17
Q

Describe the following types of purchase annuity:
Life
Temporary
Annuity certain
Immediate
Deferred
Escalating
“With proportion”
Capital-protected
Enhanced
Impaired life
Investment-linked
Contingent

A

Life: payments made until death or longer if guarantee in place
Temporary: until agreed term or death if sooner
Annuity certain: pays until end of term regardless of death
Immediate: payments begin as soon as purchased
Deferred: payments begin in future (vesting date). Refund if die early
Escalating: payments increase by set % or RPI (initial payments low)
“With proportion”: pro-rata payment from last payment to death
Capital-protected: guaranteed to pay at least investment (into estate)
Enhanced: smokers/ill - rates increased by c.25%
Impaired life: serious ill/life-shortening - medical underwriting
Investment-linked: invested in index-linked or with-profits fund. Investor sets growth rate to determine payments - could grow (reduce) if performance is better (worse)
Contingent: dependent on event e.g remaining alive

18
Q

Tax treatment of purchase annuities?

A

Split into capital + interest
Capital is returned investment so tax-free
Interest taxed as savings income, 20% deducted at source - NRB + PSA apply

19
Q

Describe compulsory purchase annuities (5)

A

Purchased using pension proceeds
Cannot be taken until retirement age (55)
Lifetime but can add guaranteed term
Single life or can add spouse (50%-100% original rate)
All income taxable

20
Q

Calculation of new year’s annuity rate?

A

Initial/previous base rate ÷ (1+ABR) = base annuity

Base annuity x (1+bonus) = new base annuity

Add any temporary bonus but this does not affect following years base annuity

Discount by ABR then uplift by bonus