1.1 Key Terms

Question 1

Abstraction

Answer 1

Procedural abstraction gives a name to a procedure. People can then use the procedure without worrying about the finer grain details.

Question 2

Adaptive Technology

Answer 2

Adaptive technology helps increases or maintains the capabilities of a person with a disability

Question 3

Analog

Answer 3

Analog information has continuous values instead of jumping from one value to another value without passing through the values in between. Most physical information such as position, wind speed, light intensity, or sound pressure, is analog.

Question 4

Arguments

Answer 4

The values that a program provides to a function.

Question 5

Authentication

Answer 5

When two parties exchange information so that they trust that each other is who they say they are

Question 6

Automation

Answer 6

Automation is using a system (often a computer) to do something with less human attention than the task would otherwise require. Examples: automated manufacturing of clothing, security image analysis, or automated vegetable planting.

Question 7

Backlog

Answer 7

A prioritized list of features or user stories to add to a program

Question 8

Binary

Answer 8

Binary information is written using only two values: zero and one. Everything can be approximately represented using a binary representation.

Question 9

Boolean Expression

Answer 9

A Boolean expression is either True or False. Boolean operators include “and,” “or,” and “not.”

Question 10

Character

Answer 10

Any single typeset unit, including uppercase and lowercase letters, digits, punctuation marks, international characters like letters with accent marks and special characters like tabs and carriage returns

Question 11

Collaboration

Answer 11

Working together by sharing information, resources, or responsibilities; creating knowledge, services, or goods as a group

Question 12

Components

Answer 12

Parts of an interface

Question 13

Concatenate

Answer 13

To tack together two strings of characters, making one longer string

Question 14

Computational Thinking

Answer 14

Habits that help people solve problems with computers. Computational thinking habits cause a person who is facing a problem to ask how computers could help them be more creative, to communicate, to collaborate, to use data or the Internet, or to use crowdsourcing or simulation, to solve a problem.

Question 15

Creative Expression

Answer 15

Computing helps people create sound, movies, 2D media such as screen images or paper art, 3D media including computer-controlled subtractive art (milling) or additive art (3D printing), user interface design, user experience design.

Question 16

Decomposition

Answer 16

A problem solving strategy of breaking a problem apart into smaller subproblems

Question 17

Default

Answer 17

A default value is a value that a variable will have if no action is taken by the user

Question 18

Digital

Answer 18

Digital information has discrete values with gaps between the values. Digital information can be exactly represented using a binary representation. Digital information can be duplicated exactly, without loss in quality. Digital information can be transmitted error-free.

Question 19

Digital Divide

Answer 19

The contrast between two groups’ access to computing resources and the Internet on the basis of race, wealth, or national boundaries

Question 20

Economic Impact

Answer 20

Economic impacts of computing include changes in the numbers types, and wages of jobs, and changes in the amount, type, and cost of services, goods, and materials produced.

Question 21

Evaluate

Answer 21

To determine the result of an expression

Question 22

Event

Answer 22

An action that can trigger an event handler to be executed, such as user input from the mouse or keyboard, or a timer’s alarm

Question 23

Event Handler

Answer 23

A part of a program that runs when an event occurs

Question 24

Global Variable

Answer 24

A variable that can be used anywhere in a program, unlike a local variable, which can only be used in one portion of a program. In App Inventor, procedures, event handlers, and for loops can create a local variable that can only be used inside that procedure, event handler, or for loop.

Question 25

Increment

Answer 25

Increase by a specific amount; usually means to increase by a small amount; often means to increase by one

Question 26

Input

Answer 26

Information provided to the computer from a person or from another computer, through input devices such as the keyboard, mouse, or touch screen

Question 27

Interface

Answer 27

The way a human interacts with a computer through the input and output

Question 28

Modeling and Simulation

Answer 28

A model is a simplified description of some object or phenomenon. A simulation is a computer-executed version, often predicting how an initial state will evolve over time.

Question 29

Output

Answer 29

Information sent by the computer to a person or to another computer, through output devices such as a display or printer, speaker, or motor

Question 30

Parameters

Answer 30

Variables that can be used inside a procedure. The variables are initialized with arguments’ values when the procedure is called.

Question 31

Processor

Answer 31

The component of a computer that follows instructions

Question 32

Professional Greeting

Answer 32

A standardized procedure that professionals use when they meet or begin work together

Question 33

Property

Answer 33

A variable that stores information about an object

Question 34

Social Impact

Answer 34

Social impacts of computing include changes in how people communicate with each other and in how groups of people form and function, including circles of friends and structures of government

Question 35

Sprint Task List

Answer 35

A list of small steps to accomplish, breaking down a user story from the backlog

Question 36

String

Answer 36

A sequence of characters

Question 37

Team Norms

Answer 37

norms typically spell out that all team members will provide input and provide protocols for communication, work together, and conflict resolution.

Question 38

Variable

Answer 38

A place in memory to store a value

Question 39

Voltage

Answer 39

Voltage is the energy difference per electron between two locations. The energy can be converted to kinetic energy when electrons fall from low voltage to high voltage.