1.1 - Introduction to Cells

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

Cells are the smallest unit of life
All living things consist of cells
Cells arise from preexisting cells

Question 2

Cell Standard Form

Answer 2

Discrete unit with specific parts and size

Question 3

Atypical cells (as an exception to the standard form of the cell)

Answer 3

Striated muscle fibers
Giant algae
Aseptate fungal hyphae

Question 4

Striated muscle fibers (as an exception to the standard form of the cell)

Answer 4

Larger than most cells, multiple nuclei

Question 5

Giant algae (as an exception to the standard form of the cell)

Answer 5

Large unicellular organism, can grow up to 100mm despite having only one nucleus. An organism of this size would be expected to have more than one cell

Question 6

Aseptate fungal hyphae (as an exception to the standard form of the cell)

Answer 6

Does not have cross walls or septa, and so forms a continuous cytoplasm, many nuclei

Question 7

Functions of Life (MRHGREN)

Answer 7

Metabolism
Response
Homeostasis
Growth
Excretion
Reproduction
Nutrition

Question 8

Metabolism

Answer 8

All enzyme-catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism

Question 9

Response

Answer 9

Sensitivity to internal or external stimuli

Question 10

Homeostasis

Answer 10

The regulation of a stable internal environment

Question 11

Excretion

Answer 11

The removal of metabolic waste

Question 12

Growth

Answer 12

Change in size or shape

Question 13

Reproduction

Answer 13

Production of offspring, either sexually or asexually

Question 14

Nutrition

Answer 14

Absorption or synthesis of organic materials to create energy

Question 15

Paramecium

Answer 15

M: Reactions in the cytoplasm catalyzed by enzymes
R: Moves when touches solid object
H: Keeps internal conditions within limits
G: Increase in size and dry mass by accumulating organic matter
R: Asexual reproduction
E: CO2 diffuses out of cell
N: Ingests and digests smaller organisms

Question 16

Cell Size

Answer 16

An increase in cell size leads to an increase in chemical reactions. This means more substances need to be taken in and removed. This depends on surface area and volume.

Question 17

Reasons cells reproduce

Answer 17

Growth, reproduction and replacement

Question 18

Emergent properties

Answer 18

The interaction of individual components creating new functions

Question 19

Stem cells

Answer 19

Cells with the potential to develop into many different types of specialized cells in the body

Question 20

Properties of Stem cells

Answer 20

Self Renewal (continuous division)
Potency (undifferentiated)

Question 21

Stem Cell Collection

Answer 21

Embryonic or adult

Question 22

Stargardt’s Disease

Answer 22

A genetic disease that can cause blindness in children. It causes photoreceptors to become degenerative. It is treated by injecting embryonic stem cells that can develop into retina cells into the back of the eyeball.

Question 23

Magnification formula

Answer 23

M = I/A