1.1 Introduction to cells Flashcards
1
Q
Cell Theory
A
- living organisms are composed of cells
- cells = smallest unit of life
- cells come from pre-existing cells
2
Q
Cell Commonalities
A
- each cell is surrounded by membrane
- genetic material stores instructions for cell activities
- chemical reactions catalysed by enzymes
- own energy release system that powers its activities
3
Q
Exceptions of cell theory
A
- muscle tissue - multinucleate, larger than most animal cells
- fungal hyphae - multinucleate
- algae - many have 1 microscopic cell
4
Q
Functions of Life
A
- nutrition
- metabolism
- growth
- response to stimuli
- reproduction
- homeostasis
7/8. evolution / excretion
5
Q
Paramecium
A
- unicellular
- nucleus can produce extra nuclei
- food vacuoles have smaller organisms previously consumed by paramecium (digested + absorbed into cytoplasm for energy)
- cell membrane controls what enters / leaves
- contractile vacuoles keep cell water content in tolerable limit
- metabolic reactions in cytoplasm
- cilia moves it through water
6
Q
Chlamydomonas
A
- unicellular
- green, photosynthesis
- NOT a plant, cell wall not made of cellulose
- nucleus can divide
7
Q
1 mm = ? μm
A
1 mm = 1,000 μm
8
Q
1 μm = ? nm
A
1 μm = 1,000 nm
9
Q
1 cm = ? μm
A
1 cm = 10,000 μm
10
Q
Viruses
A
- not made of cells (can’t metabolise)
- parasite
- has nucleic acid + covered in protein coat
- recognises cell surface, attaches, injects nucleic acid, takes over cell
11
Q
Resolution
A
Ability to distinguish 2 objects as separate entities
12
Q
Magnification
A
Ability to increase size of viewed objects
13
Q
Magnification formula
A
image size (length of scale bar) / actual size (value of scale bar)
14
Q
COLOUR in Light VS Electron Microscope
A
Light - shows colour
Electron - black and white
15
Q
MAGNIFICATION in Light VS Electron Microscope
A
Light - lower mag
Electron - higher mag
