1.1 Intro to the particulate nature of matter

Question 1

Proton

Answer 1

Subatomic particle with a mass of 1 and +1 charge.

Question 2

Neutron

Answer 2

Subatomic particle with a mass of 1 and 0 charge.

Question 3

Electron

Answer 3

Subatomic particle with negligible mass and -1 charge.

Question 4

Molecule

Answer 4

2+ same element

Question 5

Compound

Answer 5

2+ different elements

Question 6

Nuclear symbol notation

Answer 6

Mass number (top left), atomic number (bottom left), charge (top right)

Question 7

Isotope

Answer 7

Same # protons,

Question 8

Aufbau Principle

Answer 8

Electrons are added to the lowest energy orbitals first before filling higher ones.

Question 9

Hund’s Rule

Answer 9

Electrons will occupy degenerate orbitals singly before pairing up in orbitals.

Question 10

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 10

No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers; an orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins.

Question 11

Absorption Spectrum

Answer 11

Shows wavelengths absorbed when electrons are excited.

Question 12

Emission Spectrum

Answer 12

Shows emitted photons when electrons drop energy levels.

Question 13

Significant Figures

Answer 13

Digits that carry meaning contributing to precision.

Question 14

What is an Isotope?

Answer 14

Atoms with the same protons but different neutrons.

Question 15

Continuous Spectrum

Answer 15

White light passing through a prism shows all wavelengths.

Question 16

Absorption Spectrum

Answer 16

Shows wavelengths absorbed when electrons are excited.

Question 17

Emission Spectrum

Answer 17

Shows emitted photons when electrons drop energy levels.

Question 18

What are Significant Figures?

Answer 18

Digits that carry meaning contributing to precision.

Question 19

What is a Proton?

Answer 19

Subatomic particle with a mass of 1 and +1 charge.

Question 20

What is a Neutron?

Answer 20

Subatomic particle with a mass of 1 and 0 charge.

Question 21

What is an Electron?

Answer 21

Subatomic particle with negligible mass and -1 charge.

Question 22

What is a Molecule?

Answer 22

Combination of two or more identical atoms.

Question 23

What is a Compound?

Answer 23

Combination of two or more different elements.

Question 24

What is a Cation?

Answer 24

Positively charged ion formed by losing electrons.

Question 25

What is an Anion?

Answer 25

Negatively charged ion formed by gaining electrons.

Question 26

What is Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)?

Answer 26

Average mass of an atom of an element.

Question 27

What is Fractional Abundance?

Answer 27

Percentage of an isotope in a sample divided by 100.

Question 28

What is Mass Spectrometry?

Answer 28

Technique to measure mass-to-charge ratio of ions.

Question 29

What is the Aufbau Principle?

Answer 29

Electrons fill orbitals starting from lowest energy.

Question 30

What is Hund's Rule?

Answer 30

Electrons occupy different orbitals before pairing.

Question 31

What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

Answer 31

No two electrons can have identical quantum states.

Question 32

What is Ionization Energy?

Answer 32

Energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

Question 33

What is Electron Affinity?

Answer 33

Energy change when an electron is added to an atom.

Question 34

What is Electronegativity?

Answer 34

Ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond.

Question 35

What is Atomic Radius?

Answer 35

Distance from nucleus to outermost electron.

Question 36

What is Ionic Radius?

Answer 36

Distance from nucleus to valence electrons in an ion.

Question 37

What is an Oxide?

Answer 37

Compound containing at least one oxygen atom.

Question 38

What are Basic Oxides?

Answer 38

Metal oxides that create hydroxides in water.

Question 39

What are Acid Oxides?

Answer 39

Nonmetal oxides that create acids in water.

Question 40

What are Amphoteric Oxides?

Answer 40

Oxides that can act as acids or bases.

Question 41

What is Metallic Character?

Answer 41

Tendency of an element to lose electrons easily.

Question 42

What is Non-metallic Character?

Answer 42

Tendency of an element to gain electrons.

Question 43

What are Alkali Metals?

Answer 43

Highly reactive metals in group 1 of the periodic table.

Question 44

What are Halogens?

Answer 44

Reactive nonmetals in group 17 of the periodic table.