1.1 - Intro to Genetics

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms

Question 2

Genomics

Answer 2

the study of entire set of genes that are found in living organisms

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

a linear segment in the DNa molecule that encodes a protein

Question 4

Alleles

Answer 4

different versions of a gene

Question 5

Phenotype

Answer 5

the physical appearance of the genotype

Question 6

Blending inheritance

Answer 6

the genetic theory before Mendelian genetics. It proposes that the offspring is a mix of the genetic materials from their parents

Question 7

Mendel’s Three laws of Inheritancea

Answer 7

1. Law of Segregation: each parent has 2 for each trait, but only 1 allele randomly passes on to an offspring
2. Law of Independent Assortment: different pairs of alleles are passed to offspring independently of each other
3. Law of Dominance: the recessive allele will always be masked by the dominant allele

Question 8

Dominance

Answer 8

the dominant allele will present the phenotype. May not be able to tell what the genotype is through this phenotype

Question 9

Homozygous

Answer 9

same alleles of the gene. This shows the genotype

Question 10

Heterozygous

Answer 10

different alleles of the gene. Doesn’t show the genotype

Question 11

Test cross

Answer 11

used to reveal the genotype of an individual by cross the wanted individual with a recessive homozygous individual

Question 12

Codominance

Answer 12

the phenotype of the offspring is a combination of the phenotype of the parents. Both alleles of the gene from the parents are fully expressed

Question 13

Albinism

Answer 13

caused by a recessive and lethal allele. The reason why populations still carry this allele is because it is hidden in the phenotype and not deadly if the genotype is heterozygous

Question 14

Chromosome

Answer 14

a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. Chromosomes are always in pairs except in gametes (sperms or eggs)

Question 15

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 15

each pair of chromosomes homologous - one from the father and one form the mother. Each pair has the same genes, but has allelic variation

Question 16

Meiosis

Answer 16

part of the reproductive process where a cell divides twice to produce 4 daughter cells (gametes). The daughter cells have half the # of chromosomes of the mother cell

This is also where chromosome crossover occurs

Question 17

Genetic mapping

Answer 17

the rate of recombination is used to estimate the distance between 2 genes