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Pathology Lab > 11 Integumentary System > Flashcards

11 Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Malignant tumor that commonly arises in skin (can also occur in mucosal surfaces, esophagus, meninges, eye)

A

Melanoma

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2
Q

Large cells with expanded, irregular nuclei containing peripherally clumped chromatin and prominent eosinophilic nucleoli

A

Melanoma

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3
Q

Spread of nested and single-cell melanoma cells within the epidermis

A

Radial growth phase

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4
Q

nodular aggregates of infiltrating tumor cells within the dermis

A

Vertical growth phase

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5
Q

Melanoma RFs

A

Sun exposure and hereditary predisposition (CDKN2A, BRAF or NRAS, PTEN, c-KIT tyrosine kinase)

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6
Q

Cell origin of melanoma

A

Melanocytes

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7
Q

RFs for melanoma development

A

Intermittent exposure to UV radiation
Susceptibility genes
beta-catenin mutation
Caucasian race

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8
Q

Usual site of metastasis for this tumor

A

Liver, lungs, bones, brain

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9
Q

Give the prognosis factors of melanoma

A

Breslow thickness, mitoses, regression, TILs, gender, location, sentinel node micrometastasis

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10
Q

Neoplasm of melanocyes

Activating mutations int eh components of the Ras pathway

A

Melanocytic nevus / pigmented nevus/ benign nevus or mole

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11
Q

Deep dermal and sometimes subcutaneous growth around
Identical to ordinary acquired nevi
Present at birth, large variants have increased melanoma risk

A

Congenital nevus

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12
Q

Non-nested dermal infiltration, often with associated fibrosis
Highly dendritic, heavily pigmented nevus cells
Black-blue nodule, confused with melanoma

A

Blue nevus

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13
Q

Fascicular growth
Large, plum cells with pink-blue cytoplasm fusiform cells
Common in children, red-pink nodule, confused with hemangioma

A

Spindle and epitheloid cell nevus (Spitz nevus)

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14
Q

Lymphocytic infiltration surrounding nevus cells
Identical to ordinary acquired nevi
Host immune response against nevus cells and surrounding normal melanocytes

A

Halo nevus

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15
Q

Which histologic type of nevus is considered precursor of malignant melanoma

A

Dysplastic nevus - risk factor for melanoma

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16
Q

Common benign epidermal tumor

A

Seborrheic keratosis/ basal cell papilloma, brown wart, senile wart

17
Q

Seborrheic keratosis pathogenesis

A

Mutations in FGFR3 (receptor tyrosine kinase)

Leser-Trelat sign

18
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome which includes seborrheic keratoses in large numbers

A

Leser-Trelat sign

19
Q

Composed of sheets of small cells resembling normal epidermal basal cells
Exophytic, sharply-demarcated neoplasms

A

Seborrheic keratosis

20
Q

SK characteristic features

A

Hyperkeratosis
Horn cysts
Invagination cysts

21
Q

Exuberant keratin production at the surface

A

Hyperkeratosis

22
Q

Small, intraepithelial keratin-filled cysts

A

Horn cysts

23
Q

Horn cysts which communicate with the surface

A

Pseudohorn cysts

24
Q

Invaginations of keratin into the main mass

A

Invagination cysts

25
Q

What is the clinical/appearance of this lesion that makes it appearr as a wart

A

Round, flat coin-like waxy plaques

Tan to dark brown papule or nodule

26
Q

Squamoproliferative disorders caused by HPV

A

Verrucae

27
Q

Most common type of wart

Growth is characterized by hypertrophy of dermal papillae, markedly papillomatous epidermis

A

Verrruca vulgaris

28
Q

Cytopathic effect of HPV

A

Vacuolated keratinocytes (koilocytes), which have a small shrunken nucleus surrounded by perinuclear haloes

29
Q

What are the morphologic characteristics that differentiates it from seborrheic keratosis

A

Very pointed papillomatous projections of the epidermis with a thin long column of parakeratosis
Viral cytopathic changes

30
Q

Most common invasive cancer in humans

A

Basal cell carcinoma

31
Q

Basal cell Ca mutations

A

PTCH, TP53

32
Q

Pearly papules containing prominent dilated subepidermal blood vessels with telangiectasias
Cords/islands of variably basophilic tumor cells with hyperchromatic nuclei
Peripheral palisading

A

Basal cell carcinoma

33
Q

2 patterns of basal cell carcinoma

A

Multifocal growths

Nodular lesions

34
Q

Originate from epidermis, may extend over several square centimeters or more of skin surface

A

Multifocal growths

35
Q

Grows downward deeply into the dermis

A

Nodular lesions

36
Q

Common sites of predilection of basal cell carcinoma

A

Head > trunk > penis, vulva, perianal skin

37
Q

State a familial syndrome exhibiting basal cell carcinoma

A

Gorlin syndrome (nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome) - AD

38
Q

Flesh-colored, dome-shaped nodule

Arises from the infundibulum of a hair follicle and located in the dermis

A

Epidermal inclusion cyst

Pathology Lab (4 decks)

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