(1.1) importance of ATP Flashcards
what 3 molecules does ATP consist of
Adenine , ribose and 3 phosphate groups
Which group of molecules does ATP belong
nucleotides
what is atp
it is a universal energy currency , which releases energy in small quantities
(30.6 kj per mol)
what is chemiosmosis
the flow of protns down an electrochemical gradient , through ATP synthetase, coupled with the synthesis of ATP from ADP and a phosphate ion
ATP synthesis in mitrochondria
MECHANISM
mechanism- uses energy carried by electrons to pump protons across the membrane, they then flow back through stalked particles.
ATP synthesis in mitrochondria
ENZYME
ATP synthetase
ATP synthesis in mitrochondria
Site of electron transport chain
Cristae
ATP synthesis in mitrochondria
proton graident
from inner membrane space to matrix
ATP synthesis in mitrochondria
co-enzyme involved
FAD, NAD
ATP synthesis in mitrochondria
terminal electron acceptor
Oxygen and H+
ATP synthesis in Chloroplasts
mechanism
uses electron energy to pump protons across the membrane , which then flow back through stalked particles
ATP synthesis in Chloroplasts
enzyme involved
ATP synthetase
ATP synthesis in Chloroplasts
proton gradient
From thylakoid space to stroma
ATP synthesis in Chloroplasts
site of electron transport chain
Thylakoid membrane
ATP synthesis in Chloroplasts
co-enzyme involved
NADP
ATP synthesis in Chloroplasts
terminal electron acceptor
NADP and H+ (non cyclic photophosphorylation) and chlorophyll+ (cyclic photophosphorylation)
what is chemiosmosis
Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure, down their electrochemical gradient. An example of this would be the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the movement of hydrogen ions (H+) across a membrane during cellular respiration or photosynthesis.
types of phosphorylation
1) oxidative phosphylation . this occurs when phosphate ion is added to ADP using energy from electron loss ie, oxidation reactions
2) Photophsphorylatiob. the energy that powers proton pump comes from electron transport chain in choloplasts it comes from light , hence ATP in chloroplatds is synthesised by photphosphorylation
3) substrate level phosphorylation. This occurs when the phophate groups are transferred from donor molecules , e.g phosphate is transferred from glycerate-3-phosphate to ADP in glycolysis in respoiration.
what is phosphorylation
is the addition of phophate group or ion to a molecule. In respiration and photosyntheis ADP is the molecule most often phosphoylated , but other molecules such as glucose in glycolysis can alo phosphoylated forming glucose diphosphate . This makes the glucose more reactive and easier to split as it lowers the activation energy of reaction involved.
how isATP made in mitrochondria
during photoshyntheis and respiration , ATP is made when protons are pumped across the membranes using energy from electrones to create an electrochemical or proton gradient. the protons flow back through the stalked particales down the concentration gradient , by chemiosmosis, hence phosphoralationg ADP into ATP
How is ATP made in chloplasts
This occursin the thylakoid membrane. The electrons pass from the proton pump into a terminal electron acceptor. in chloroplats this is the coenzyme NADP or chlrophyll..
