1.1 History of Psych Flashcards
What two people promoted empiricism and what is it?
John Locke and Thomas Reid. Empiricism is the idea that all knowledge comes from experience.
What German physiologist measured the speed of neural impulse? His work also showed us that psychological reality and physical reality are not identical.
Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894)
What is psychophysics? and who were the first two to study it.
Ernest Wber and Gustav Fechner.
Study of the relationships between physical stimuli and the perception of those stimuli.
Who was Wilheim Wundt?
German “jack of all trades” physical, physiologist, and Philospher who helped establish experimental psycholgoy
What is introspection and who trained his students with this procedure?
Wilheim Wundt.
A method of focusing on internal processes.
Who essentially brought psychology to America, who was he a student of and what new experimental psychology did he brand?
Bradford Tichener (1867-1927).
Was a student of Wilhelm Wundt.
Branded “structuralisim”
What is structuralism?
A school of American psychology that sought to describe the elements of conscious experience.
Was particularly interested in the contents of the mind and WHAT the mind is. This type of study was geared more towards general adults and excluded mental deficits and children.
Who was the first femalee doctoral student of Tichener.
She was elected to be the first woman president of the American Psychological Association.
Margaret Floy Washburn
William James, G. Stanley Hall and James McKeen Cattell were heavily influenced by Darwin’s evolutionary theory and were interested in activities of the mind and what it does. This group was later identified as what?
Functionalism.
A school of American psychology that sought to describe the elements of conscious experience.
What is Functionalism?
A school of American psychology that sought to describe the elements of conscious experience.
William James wrote what critics say is one of the most influential books in psych. What was it?
What did it oppose?
What did it propose?
Principals of Psychology.
Opposed the reductionist ideas of Titchener.
Proposed that consciousness is ongoings and cannot be isolated or reduced to elements.
Who was the first woman student of William James?
Mary Whiton Calkins. She was the FIRST woman elected to the APA.
Who was Francis Cecil Sumner?
The first African American to earn a Ph.D in Psych in America. Was a student of G. Stanley
James McKeen Cattell was interested in individual differences and believed that mental abilities were _______ and could not be measured using tests. He also believed that society was better served by identifying _______ intelligence and encouraged those with ________ intelligence to reproduce.
inherited
superior
superior
What is eugenics? Who promoted it?
The practice of selective breeding to promote desired traits.
James McKeen Cattell
Who started the Gestalt Psychology movement and what was it?
Max Wertheimer.
The Gesalt Movement was an attempt to study the unity of experience.
By studying the whole experience, you have a better understanding than if you study individual aspects. Like looking at a picture and seeing the entire image vs. seeing all of the individual pixels.
“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts” is an example of what idea?
Gestalt Psychology
What is behaviorism and who promoted it?
Behaviorism is the study of behavior and and was promoted by John. B Watson and B.F Skinner.
Who was the British psychologist who explored the idea of the constructive mind and what his studies recognize?
Frederic Barlett. His studies recognized that people used their past experiences to construct thoughts on new experiences.
Who coined the term “flashbulb memory” and what does it mean?
Jerome Bruner.
A highly detailed and vivid memory of an emotionally significant event.
