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Classical Civilisation GCSE > 1.1 Gods > Flashcards

1.1 Gods Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Polytheism?

A

The worship of many gods.

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2
Q

What is Monotheism?

A

The worship of one god.

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3
Q

What is the Pantheon?

A

The collective term for the gods.

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4
Q

What is anthropomorphic?

A

Where the gods were like humans.

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5
Q

What is iconography?

A

The symbols that represented them.

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6
Q

What is Religio?

A

The Roman term for religion meaning ‘correct worship for state gods’

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7
Q

What is Hiera?

A

The Greek term for religion meaning ‘holy affairs’

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8
Q

What is an Epithet?

A

A word or phrase to describe a god’s quality or skill.

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9
Q

Where did the Greek gods MOSTLY live?

A

The clouds above Mount Olympus.

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10
Q

Who married Uranus?

A

Gaia

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11
Q

How was Aphrodite born?

A

She was born from the sea

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12
Q

Who was the son of Uranus?

A

Cronos

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13
Q

What is another name for Uranus?

A

Ouranos

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14
Q

Who did Cronos marry?

A

Rhea

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15
Q

Who are the children of Hera and Zeus?

A

Ares and Hephaisos

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16
Q

Who doesn’t live on Mount Olympus?

A

Hades - Underworld

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17
Q

Who out of the Pantheon is not an Olympian?

A

Hades - doesn’t live on Mount Olympus.

Hephaestus - Born a Human.

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18
Q

What was Zeus’ Roman name?

A

Jupiter

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19
Q

What was Zeus the god of?

A

King of gods,
Justice
Sky
Heavens.

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20
Q

What was Poseidon’s Roman name?

A

Neptune

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21
Q

What was Hades’ Roman name?

A

Pluto

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22
Q

What was Hera’s Roman name?

A

Juno

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23
Q

What was Athene’s Roman name?

A

Minerva

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24
Q

What was Demeter’s Roman name?

A

Ceres

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25
Q

What was Hestia’s Roman name?

A

Vesta

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26
Q

What was Hephaestus’s Roman name?

A

Vulcan

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27
Q

What was Poseidon the god of?

A

Sea
Horses
Earthquakes

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28
Q

What was Hades the god of?

A

Underworld

Death

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29
Q

What was Hera the god of?

A

Queen of Gods
Childbirth
Marriage

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30
Q

What was Athena the god of?

A

Wisdom
War
Battle Strategy.

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31
Q

What was Demeter the god of?

A

Harvest

Agriculture

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32
Q

What was Hestia the god of?

A

Home

Hearth

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33
Q

What was Hephaestus the god of?

A

MetalWork
Fire
Craftsmenship

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34
Q

What was Zeus’ Iconography? (name three)

A 
Beard
Lightning Bolt
Eagle
Throne
Sceptre
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35
Q

What was Hera’s Iconography?

A

Diadem

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36
Q

What was Poseidon’s Iconography?

A

Beard

Trident

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37
Q

What was Hades’ Iconography?

A

Cornucopia

Persephone (wife)

38
Q

What was Athene’s Iconography? (name 3)

A 
Owl
Helmet
Spear
Aegis
Breastplate
Sheild
39
Q

What was Demeter’s Iconography?

A

Diadem

Bundle of wheat/grain or flowers.

40
Q

What was Hestia’s Iconography?

A

Veiled head

41
Q

What was Hephaestus’ Iconography?

A

Hammer

42
Q

Who was Poseidon’s son?

A

Polyphemus the Cyclops

43
Q

Hades was a chthonic deity what does this mean?

A

Gods of death/underworld

44
Q

Who was Athena daughter of?

A

Metis and Zeus (born fully grown out of his head)

45
Q

Who was Athena’s best friend?

A

Nike

46
Q

Who was most favoured by Greek’s and why?

A

Demeter because plebeians relied on her for grain and bread.

47
Q

Why is the sacrifice to Hestia important?

A

It’s the first one of the day, and is done in private at home.

48
Q

What is special about Hephaestus?

A

He walked with a limp because Zeus threw him off Olympus

49
Q

Advantages of a religion with many gods? /3

A

More opinions
Embracing in specific powers
Prayers are more effective praying to a single idea

50
Q

Disadvantages of a religion with many gods? /3

A

Each god has it’s own flaws
More money required for more statues, temples etc
Hard not to offend one god by pleasing another.

51
Q

Advantages of anthropomorphic gods? /3

A

Relatable
Easier for people to write about and understand
Helps explain phenomenons easier

52
Q

Disadvantages of anthropomorphic gods? /3

A 
Offence in communication
Not as powerful because they are relatable
Creates idea that anyone can be a god
They'll fight and argue
The'll be more vulnerable
53
Q

Why are gods necessary in greek and roman life? /3

A

Explain natural disasters + phenomenons
Creates unity between the people
Makes them feel stronger.

54
Q

Before Rome was founded who inhabited Italy?

A

Lots of Tribes

55
Q

Which Tribe ultimately took control?

A

Etruscans

56
Q

What aspects of Etruscan design to Romans adopt?

A

Temple design and divination

57
Q

Who else influenced the Romans?

A

Greeks and Hellenes

58
Q

What is Capitoline Hill?

A

It was the political and ceremonial heart of the city.

59
Q

Which popular Roman myths feature Pluto? /2

A

Orpheus + Eurydice in Ovid’s Metamorphoses

Abduction of Persephone

60
Q

How was religion to Vesta different to the rest of the Pantheon?

A

She has her own priesthood and temple complex.

61
Q

Explain the history of the temple on Aventine Hill?

A

Made for Diana by the sixth king of Rome Tullius

62
Q

Why did the cult of Diana gain a large following by plebeians?

A

Because plebeians because Tulles himself was a slave (plebeian) and he dedicated the temple to her.

63
Q

Who was the founder of Athens?

A

Cecrops

64
Q

Why is Mars more important than Ares?

A

Because Romans loved war and Greek’s didn’t

65
Q

What was Apollo the god of? /5

A 
Music
Arts
Prophecy
Education
Archery
66
Q

What was weird about the birth of Dionysus?

A

Mortal Mother

67
Q

What were Maenads and Satyrs?

A

Maenads - female followers of Dionysus

Satyrs - male followers of Dionysus

68
Q

What is a Caduceus?

A

Snake eyed spear/staff

69
Q

Why is Dionysus not an Olympian?

A

Demi-god

70
Q

What was Aphrodite’s Roman name?

A

Venus

71
Q

What was Artemis’ Roman name?

A

Diana

72
Q

What was Apollo’s Roman name?

A

Apollo

73
Q

What was Hermes’ Roman name?

A

Mecury

74
Q

What was Ares’ Roman name?

A

Mars

75
Q

What was Dionysus’ Roman name?

A

Bacchus

76
Q

What was Aphrodite the god of?

A

Love

Beauty

77
Q

What was Artemis the god of? (name three)

A

Hunting
Wildlife
Childbirth
Moon

78
Q

What was Hermes the god of?

A

Travel
Trade
Messenger

79
Q

What was Ares the god of?

A

War

80
Q

What was Dionysus the god of?

A

Wine
Parties
Theatre

81
Q

What was Aphrodite’s iconography?

A

Rising from sea shell

Naked

82
Q

What was Artemis’ iconography?

A

Bow + Arrows

Wild Animals

83
Q

What was Apollo’s iconography?

A

Bow + Arrow
Lyre
Eternal Youth

84
Q

What was Hermes’ iconography?

A

Traveller’s Cap
Winged Sandals
Caduceus

85
Q

What was Ares’ iconography?

A

Armour

Weapons

86
Q

What was Dionysus’ iconography? (name three)

A 
Thyrus
Wines
Animal
Skin
Maenads + Satyrs
87
Q

Where is Apollo’s cult?

A

In Delos

88
Q

Who is Artemis’ twin brother?

A

Apollo

89
Q

Who were the gods that could travel to the underworld freely?

A

Dionysus

Hermes

90
Q

Who was opposite to Athena?

A

Ares - Raw violence

91
Q

Who was Dionysus’ mother?

A

Semele from Theban

Classical Civilisation GCSE (5 decks)

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