11. Genotype, Phenotype and Inheritance Flashcards
What is genotype?
• A genotype is an individual’s collection of genes
What is phenotype?
• the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of it’s genotype with the environment.
What influences phenotypes?
Genotype and environment
Can the environment affect our genotype?
Yes - radiation, mutagenic chemicals, smoking
How many alleles are there of a gene?
2
How many allele of a gene are there in the population
Many
Define homozygous
Two alleles of a gene are the same
Define heterozygous
Two alleles of a gene are different
Define hemizygous
Only one allele of the gene on the X chromosome (Males only)
Define dominant
The dominant allele in heterozygote determines the phenotype (only one allele is needed to be expressed)
Define recessive
The non-dominant allele in a heterozygote is called recessive (Two of these alleles need to be present for the characteristic to be expressed)
Define co-dominance
When both alleles are expressed (neither is dominant or recessive)
What are the three alleles for blood type?
A B O
Which two alleles of blood type are codominant?
A and B
What are the different types of inheritance patterns?
Autosomal / sex-linked (Mendelian)
Mitochondrial
Polygenic / Complex or multifactorial