1.1. EXAMINATION OF THE ION CONTENT OF THE BLOOD PLASMA

Question 1

the emitted colour of Na+ in the flame photometer

Answer 1

yellow

Question 2

the emitted colour of K+ in the flame photometer

Answer 2

violet

Question 3

the emitted colour of ca2+ in the flame photometer

Answer 3

brick red coloured flame

Question 4

the materials needed for the flame photometer

Answer 4

• blood plasma
• NaCl, KI, CaCl2 solution
• bunsen burner

Question 5

transmission and concentration

Answer 5

inversely proportional to the concentration of a solution

Question 6

absorbance and concentration

Answer 6

linear proportional to the concentration of a solution

Question 7

transmission

Answer 7

I(t) / I(0) x100

the transmitted light after part of it has been absorbed in the solution, comparing to the initial light

Question 8

absorbance

Answer 8

I(0) / I(t)

Question 9

the wavelength of visible light

Answer 9

380-800 nm

Question 10

UV spectrophotometer

Answer 10

200-380 nm

Question 11

The Lambert-Beer law

Answer 11

The Lambert-Beer law describes the correlation between the absorbance and the concentration of the solution.

Question 12

what will happen if we touch the cuvette with our fingers at the clear sides?

Answer 12

the machine will measure our fingerprints, and part of the light would not reach the detector, so higher absorbance values would be obtained

Question 13

why at higher concentrations the calibration curve is not straight?

Answer 13

because one of the criterions for lambert beer law is a sufficiently diluted solution

Question 14

how is it possible to detect the inorganic phosphate in blood plasma?

Answer 14

inorganic phosphate reacts with ammonium molybdate to form phosphomolybdic acid.
phosphomolybdic acid, by addition of a reducing agent, will turn into molybdenum blue. the intensity of the blue color can be measured by photometry.

Question 15

what is the importance of the inorganic phosphate in blood plasma? (HPO4 2-, H2PO4-)

Answer 15

buffer system for synthesis ATP, GTP

Question 16

what are the materials needed for the examination of the inorganic phosphate in blood plasma?

Answer 16

 Blood plasma (3x diluted)
 Trichloroacetic acid (TCA; 0.6 mol/l)
 Ammonium molybdate (21.5 mmol/l)
 l-amino-2-naphtol-4-sulphonic acid (10.4 mmol/l) - reducing agent
 Spectrophotometer
 Water bath at 37 °C
 Plastic funnel
 Filter paper

Question 17

why do we need to add TCA to blood plasma when examining the inorganic phosphate?

Answer 17

in order to precipitate the proteins from blood plasma and to filtrate them in the next step

Question 18

what are the numbers that appear at the x axis in the calibration curve?

Answer 18

0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0

the concentration of the inorganic phosphate in the blood plasma

Question 19

what can increase the inorganic phosphate level in plasma ?

Answer 19

• vitamin D

- young pregnant animals and in birds- due to egg production

Question 20

what can decrease the inorganic phosphate level in plasma ?

Answer 20

• exocrine pancreas insufficiency
• malabsorption due to enteropathy
• lack of vitamin D
• hyperthyroidism due to the increased excretion