1.1 Energy Transfer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 ways of transferring heat energy?

A
  • Radiation
  • Conduction
  • Convection
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2
Q

What happens to hot objects, in terms of radiation?

A

They emit more radiation causing it to cool down

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3
Q

What happens to cool objects, in terms of radiation?

A

They absorb more radiation causing it to heat up

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4
Q

What surface is the best absorber/emitter of radiation?

A

Dark, matt surfaces

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5
Q

What surface is the worst absorber/emitter of radiation?

A

Light, shiny surfaces

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6
Q

The rate of heat energy transfer is faster if… (3)

A
  • The surface area is greater
  • The object’s material is a good conductor
  • The surface of which the object is in touch with is a good conductor
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7
Q

Which state of matter has the strongest forces of attraction between the particles?

A

Solids

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8
Q

Which state of matter has the most kinetic energy in each particle?

A

Gases

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9
Q

Which state(s) of matter does conduction occur in?

A

Mainly solids

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10
Q

Define conduction

A

The process where vibrating particles pass their extra kinetic energy to neighbouring particles

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11
Q

Why are metals good conductors of heat?

A

They have free electrons which can travel at high speeds all the way through the solid instead of just colliding with the adjacent particles

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12
Q

Give some examples of conduction (1)

A

A metal handle of a pan

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13
Q

Define convection

A

Convection occurs when the more energetic particles move from the hotter region to the cooler region taking heat energy with them

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14
Q

Which state(s) of matter does convection occur in?

A

Liquids and gases

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15
Q

What happens to water when it gains energy?

A
  • Expands
  • Becomes less dense
  • Rises
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16
Q

What happens to water when it loses energy?

A
  • Shrinks
  • Becomes more dense
  • Sinks
17
Q

Give some examples of convection (2)

A
  • Immersion heater
  • Radiator
18
Q

Define condensation

A

When a gas cools, the particles lose kinetic energy and become a liquid

19
Q

Condensation turns a … into a …?

A

Gas into a liquid

20
Q

Give some examples of condensation (2)

A
  • Kettle boiling water
  • Drink glasses
21
Q

The rate of condensation will be faster if… (4)

A
  • Temperature of the gas is lower
  • Temperature of the surface the gas touches is lower
  • Density is higher
  • Airflow is less
22
Q

Evaporation turns a … into a …?

A

Liquid into a gas

23
Q

Define evaporation

A

The particles with the most energy in a liquid escaping a liquid

24
Q

The rate of evaporation will be faster if… (4)

A
  • Higher temperature
  • Lower density
  • Larger surface area
  • Airflow over the liquid is greater
25
Q

Give some examples of evaporation (1)

A

Sweating

26
Q

What do U-values measure?

A

How effective a material is as a insulator

27
Q

The U-value is lower if the material is a … insulator

A

Better

28
Q

What does specific heat capacity show?

A

The amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1ºC

29
Q

What is the unit for specific heat capacity?

A

J/kgºC