1.1 Education - Class Differences in Achievement

Question 1

Which sociologist identified language as a key aspect of cultural deprivation?

Answer 1

Bernstein

Question 2

The speech code that is most commonly associated with the working class is called…

Answer 2

Restricted Code

Question 3

What is the definition of Cultural Deprivation?

Answer 3

Lacking the cultural equipment, typically associated with the middle class, to achieve in education.

Question 4

What are the 4 aspects of parenting that Douglas looked at when reviewing working class parental attitudes towards education?

Answer 4

1. Parenting Style
2. Parent’s Educational Behaviours
3. Use of Income
4. Class, Income and Parental Education

Question 5

Which sociologist looked at Working Class Subcultural Beliefs?

Answer 5

Sugarman

Question 6

What were the four working class subcultural beliefs according to Sugarman?

Answer 6

1. Fatalism
2. Collectivism
3. Immediate Gratification
4. Present-Time Orientation

Question 7

What are Sure Start centres and Education Action Zones an example of?

Answer 7

Compensatory Education

Question 8

In terms of evaluating Cultural Deprivation Theory, what did Blackstone and Mortimore argue?

Answer 8

That it ultimately victim blames the working class parents and that there are genuine barriers to them doing things like attending parent’s evening such as working longer hours.

Question 9

What are the 4 areas looked at in the material deprivation theory?

Answer 9

1. Housing
2. Diet and Health
3. Financial Support and Cost of Education
4. Fear of Debt

Question 10

Which sociologist found that books, transport, trips etc. were a heavy burden on working class families?

Answer 10

Tanner

Question 11

Roughly what percentage of university students are working class?

Answer 11

30%

Question 12

What is the equation used to work out levels of cultural capital?

Answer 12

Educational Capital + Material Capital = Cultural Capital

Question 13

Which sociologist looks at cultural capital as a concept?

Answer 13

Pierre Bourdieu

Question 14

What is the definition of Habitus?

Answer 14

Taken for granted ways of thinking being and acting that are shared by a particular social class. It includes tastes preferences and consumption. A groups HABITUS is a response to its class position.

Question 15

What did Sullivan find when putting Bourdieu’s ideas to the test?

Answer 15

Those who read complex fiction and watched serious TV documentaries had a
more developed vocab and greater knowledge of cultural figures – indicating
greater cultural capital.

The pupils with the greatest cultural capital were children of graduates and
were more likely to do well at GCSE.

Question 16

Who conducted the Chicago High School Study into labelling?

Answer 16

Howard Becker

Question 17

What were the two groups called in Rist’s study into labelling and which class fell into which group?

Answer 17

1. The Tigers (Middle Class)
2. The Clowns and Cardinals (Working Class)

Question 18

What are the 3 steps of the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?

Answer 18

1. Teacher labels the pupil
2. The teacher treats the pupil accordingly
3. The pupil internalises the label and it becomes part of their self-concept

Question 19

Why could labelling theory be seen to be too deterministic?

Answer 19

It assumes that all children that are labelled will fulfil their prophecy and became that label.

Question 20

What is the A-C Economy?

Answer 20

Students are streamed in order to ensure the best results possible for the school so that it can ascend the league tables and entice more students/parents to join in the future.

Question 21

Who coined the A-C Economy?

Answer 21

Gillborn & Youdell

Question 22

What is the Educational Triage?

Answer 22

1. Those who will pass anyway
2. Borderline students
3. Hopeless cases

Question 23

What is the difference between the Educational Triage and the A-C Economy when it comes to streaming?

Answer 23

A-C Economy is WHY schools stream
Educational Triage is HOW schools stream

Question 24

What is the difference between Differentiation and Polarisation?

Answer 24

Differentiation: Streaming and Setting
Polarisation: Students go to one of two ends of a pole - join a pro-school subculture or an anti-school subculture

Question 25

Who coined the terms Differentiation and Polarisation?

Answer 25

Lacey

Question 26

What 4 variations did Woods find when looking at Polarisation?

Answer 26

1. Ingratiation
2. Ritualism
3. Retreatism
4. Rebellion

Question 27

Who is our sociologist for identities?

Answer 27

Louise Archer

Question 28

What concept from Bourdieu are Nike Identities linked to?

Answer 28

Habitus and Cultural Capital

Question 29

What is symbolic capital and how do Working Class students achieve it?

Answer 29

Symbolic Capital: Status received and working class students gained this from their peers often through styles of clothes and their misbehaviour

Question 30

What could it be called when a Working Class student rejects gaining symbolic capital from their peers and tries hard in school to gain it from teachers?

Answer 30

Social Suicide