1.1 Economic methodology Flashcards

1
Q

What are needs

A

those things required that are essential to maintain survival

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2
Q

What are wants

A

those things that are desired but not essential to survive

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3
Q

What is an economic agent?

A

the individuals and firms that partake in economic activity, the demand for and supply of goods and services

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4
Q

what is economic welfare

A

the benefit gained by individuals, firms or society in the production of goods and services

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5
Q

What is a free market economy?

A

where firms decide what goods and services to produce with limited intervention from the government

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6
Q

What is the fundamental purpose of economic activity?

A

To satisfy need and wants

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7
Q

What are the 4 factors of production

A

Land, labour, enterprise and capital

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8
Q

What are factors of production?

A

the resources used by firms to produce goods and services

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9
Q

what is labour

A

includes all of the workforce in an economy

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10
Q

what is land?

A

all of the natural resources that come from the earth that are used in the production of goods and services

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11
Q

What is capital

A

the man-made aids that are used in the production process

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12
Q

what is enterprise?

A

the entrepreneur takes land, labour and capital and organises them in order to produce products that will be profitable

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13
Q

what is the fundamental economic problem?

A

scarcity and that it results from limited resources and unlimited wants

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14
Q

What is opportunity cost?

A

the benefit lost of the next best alternative when making a choice

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15
Q

What are trade-offs?

A

the range of alternatives we give up

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16
Q

what do Production Possibility diagrams illustrate?

A

the different features of the fundamental economic problem such as: resource allocation, opportunity cost and trade-offs, unemployment of economic resources, economic growth

17
Q

What does a Production Possibility Curve show?

A

used to show the different combinations of output for two products

18
Q

What do we know if point A is on the PPC

A

We are using a full use of resources

19
Q

What does a point under the PPC show?

A

An unemployment of resources

20
Q

When does a trade-off occur?

A

when an economic agent substitutes the production of one good or service for another.

21
Q

What are investment goods?

A

those that produce a stream of income in the future

22
Q

What are consumption goods

A

those that produce a stream of income today

23
Q

What does a shift of the PPC to the right mean?

A

An increase in the productive capacity of the economy(greater output can be produced)

24
Q

What causes economic growth(a shift of a PPC to the right)

A

Any increase in factor inputs(land, labour, capital and enterprise)

25
What is productive efficiency?
Using resources efficiently so it can be anywhere on the PPC curve
26
What is Allocative efficiency?
Occurs when social welfare is maximised. Can only be 1 point on the PPC
27
What causes a shift to the let on a PPC?
Decrease in productivity, loss of investment, high unemployment, natural disasters, increase scarcity of resources
28
What are positive statements?
objective statements that can be tested, amended or rejected by referring to the available evidence
29
What are normative statements?
Subjective statements