1.1 Early tensions between East and West

Question 1

What was the ‘Grand Alliance’?

Answer 1

An alliance of the Soviet Union, USA and Britain. All of whom shared the aim of defeating Nazi Germany.(Essentially due to the common goal of defeating the common enemy,Nazi Germany).

Question 2

What is the names of the three conferences?

Answer 2

The Tehran Conference(November-December 1943)
The Yalta Conference(February 1945)
The Potsdam Conference(July-August 1945)

Question 3

What was achieved in the Tehran conference?

Answer 3

1. The USA and Britain agreed to open up a second front by invading Nazi occupied Europe.
2. The Soviet Union would declare war on Japan once Germany was defeated.
3. Polands borders would be moved to the west . Poland would gain land from Germany and lose some land to the Soviet Union.
4. An international body would be set up to settle future problems between countries. This set the scene founding of the United Nations.

Question 4

What was achieved in the Yalta conference?

Answer 4

1. When Germany had been defeated they would be reduced in size. Divided and demilitarised. It would have to pay for reparations.
2. Europe would be rebuilt on democratic elections.
3. The united nations would be set up.
4. The Soviet Union would declare war on Japan once Germany was defeated.
5. Poland would be in the ‘Soviet sphere of influence’ but run on a broader democratic basis.

Question 5

What was achieved in the Potsdam conference?

Answer 5

1. A council of Foreign Ministers was set up to organise the rebuilding of Europe.
2. The Nazi party was banned and war criminals were to be prosecuted.
3. Germany lost land and was split into four zones run by Britain, France, The USA and the Soviet Union.
4. Berlin was split up into four areas of occupation.
5. Soviet Union was to receive 25 percent of the output from the other three zones.

Question 6

The Kennan and Novikov telegrams

Answer 6

Each superpower asked their embassies to report on attitudes in the other superpower’s country. The reports from Novikov and Kennan stated that in Kennan’s Starlin wanted to see the destruction of Capitalism and Stalin felt the outside world wanted to destroy communism. He also said there should be policy of containment in place to stop Communism spreading.In Novikovs’s case he thought equally as poorly of the west as the west thought of the Soviet’s. He said the USA want to use their military might to dominate the world and since Roosevelt’s death they no longer wanted to cooperate. Also he believed the American people would support the government if they went to war. All of this for both sides increased tension, decreased trust and made each side more sceptical of each other.

Question 7

Who said the Iron curtain speech?

Answer 7

Churchill

Question 8

What are satellite states?

Answer 8

A country that is controlled and dominated by another power whilst technically being independent.

Question 9

What was the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 9

A policy from the USA to help western Europe economically to fight of communism. It included 400 million in aid to Turkey and Greece

Question 10

What date was the Truman doctrine?

Answer 10

March 1947