1.1 - crime and deviance

Question 1

What does crime and deviance cause?

Answer 1

Threats to normal values and behaviours of a society.

Question 2

What is a value?

Answer 2

A general principle or guideline for how people should live their lives.

- defining right and wrong.

Question 3

What is a norm?

Answer 3

A specific rule or socially acceptable standard.

- norms often differ between cultures

Question 4

What is the purpose of a norm?

Answer 4

• Norms keep deviance in check.
• Norms acn be explicit (law) or implicit (judgement).
• Norms are instilled by culture.
• Most often norms link to values.

Violating a norm is deviance

Question 5

What is deviance

Answer 5

Behaviour that violates norms, moral codes and values or is unusual and uncommon.

Question 6

Types of deviance

Answer 6

• Unusual and good -
  (saving someones life)
• Unsual and eccentric -
  (talking to trees)
• Unusual and bad -
  (crime)

Question 7

Sanctions for deviance

Answer 7

• Formal sanctions
• Informal sanctions
• Positive sanctions

All sanctions are forms of social control, seeking to control behaviour

Question 8

What is a formal sanction

Answer 8

A sanction enforced by officials (police, courts, school). formal sanctions are caused by breaking a written rule / law.

Sanction - a mean of enforcement used as an incentive for obedience

Question 9

What is a informal sanction

Answer 9

A sanction not imposed by officials, however disaproval is shown through the reactions of society
(dirty looks, getting cancelled). informal sanctions are caused by breaking informal rules or norms.

Sanction - a mean of enforcement used as an incentive for obedience

Question 10

What is a positive sanction

Answer 10

A reward for behaviour that society approves of
(medals, house points, praise). can be both formal and informal.

Sanction - a mean of enforcement used as an incentive for obedience

Question 11

Moral code

Answer 11

A set of basic rules, values and principles that an individual or organisation is held to.

Breaking moral codes is deviance

Question 12

What is criminal behaviour

Answer 12

A form of deviance that involve serious harmful acts that wrong society.

Crime is punished by law due to the amount of disruption it causes

Question 13

What is a Crime

Answer 13

Any action that is against criminal law. however for the court to be able to convict a criminal they must be able to prove an actus reus and mens rea.

However sometimes actus and mens rea are not needed to convict

Question 14

What is an Actus Reus

Answer 14

Guilty Act.

Question 15

What is a Mens Rea

Answer 15

Guilty Mind.

Question 16

What is strict liability

(times when Actus and Mens Rea are not both needed for conviction)

Answer 16

In some circumstances the mens rea is not required as the act alone is enough to give a conviction.

For example breech of H&S laws

Question 17

What is self defence

(times when Actus and Mens Rea are not both needed for conviction)

Answer 17

Assault with deliberate intent to harm is a criminal act, however when a person does so when they are in danger it is self-defence, and not a crime as long as reasonable forece is used.

Question 18

What are the two main offfence types

Answer 18

• Summary offences - less serious, tried in magistrates court
  (speeding, shoplifting, vandalism).
• Indictable offences - more serious, tried in crown court.
  (rape, murder, assault)

Question 19

examples of ;

Violence against the person

Answer 19

• Murder
• Assault
• Manslaughter

Question 20

examples of ;

Sexual offences

Answer 20

• Rape
• Sex Trafficking
• Grooming

Question 21

examples of ;

Offences against property

Answer 21

• Burglary
• Robbery
• Theft

Question 22

examples of ;

Offences against the person

Answer 22

• Investment fraud
• Ponzi schemes

Question 23

examples of ;

Criminal damage

Answer 23

• Arson

Question 24

examples of ;

Drug offences

Answer 24

• Supplying restricted substances
• Possessing restricted substances
• DUI

Question 25

# examples of ; Public order offences

Answer 25

* Rioting * Violent disorder

Question 26

# Formal sanctions that people convicted of crime can face ; Custodial sentences

Answer 26

**Imprisonment or detention in an institution** The length of sentencing can vary form days to life - (those serving life sentences are often elegible for parole after 15 years, however courts dictate how long the minimum sentence is).

Question 27

# Formal sanctions that people convicted of crime can face ; Community sentences

Answer 27

**Served in the community instead of jail** The type of community sentence is dependent on the court, including probation orders, curfew restrictions. mandatory courses, drug testing and treatment ordere and community payback.

Question 28

# Formal sanctions that people convicted of crime can face ; Fines

Answer 28

**Financial penalties** A set amount of money set to be owed by the offender, dependent on the seriousness of the offence, whether it is a repeat offence and the offenders ability to pay. - Some offenders may be allowed to pay in installments. - Offers victim compensation, but might not be effective at repairing psychological trauma from event.

Question 29

# Formal sanctions that people convicted of crime can face ; Discharge

Answer 29

**A conditional discharge** The offender committing no further offences for a period of time set by the court. if the individual is caught committing a crime whilst on a discharge sanction they may not only face the current sentence but the previous sentence also.

Question 30

# Formal sanctions that people convicted of crime can face ; Unconditional / absolute discharge

Answer 30

**Not classed a conviction** When a defendant is technically guilty, however punishment would be inappropriate.

Question 31

# 3 types of sanctions ; Police can also issue sanctions to an offender outside of court

Answer 31

* Cautions * Conditional cautions * Penalty notices

Question 32

# What is a ; Caution

Answer 32

A warning given to anyone over the age of criminal responsibility for minor crimes. (graffiti, antisocial behaviour)

Question 33

# What is a ; Conditional cautions

Answer 33

Certain rules and restrictions that must be followed else legal consequences may be faced . (mandatory drug / alcohol rehab)

Question 34

# What is a ; Penalty notices | (fines)

Answer 34

Issued for minor crimes like shoplifting or possetion of cannabis, they are used as alternatives to convictions and can be appealed if disagreed with.

Question 35

Further implications of committing a crime are

Answer 35

* Exclusion from certain occupations * Travel restrictions and bans preventing travel to certain countries * Placement on the violent and sex offenders registry * Restrictions on adoption, jury service or standing as an MP * Having to declare unspent convictions on insurance