11 Complicity Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Who is the principal and who is the accomplice/accessory?

A
  • The principal is the person whose act creates the actus reus of the offence
  • The accomplice is the person who aids, abets, counsels or procures the principal in the commission of the offence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When are the 2 defendants joint principals?

A

-i.e. when both stab the victim and the cumulative result is that they die - concurrent causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens when it is unclear who dealt the fatal blow?

A

-They are both guilty of murder - Giannetto [1997]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an innocent agent?

A

-Somebody who is unaware of the criminal nature of the act - i.e. in Michael [1840]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is aiding?

A
  • Helping or assisting i.e. through providing equipment or a weapon - Bryce [2004]
  • Assistance does not need to come at the time of the offence - Stringer [2011]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is abetting?

A

-Encouragement at the time of the offence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is counselling?

A

-Encouraging, inciting or instigating the offence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is procuring?

A

-The accomplice caused the principal to commit the offence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is joint enterprise?

A
  • Where 2 or more people embark on the commission of a criminal offence and one of them goes on to commit a further offence
  • i.e. Victoria station 2010
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the mens rea for the accomplice?

A
  1. He realised that his act could assist the principal and that he intended to assist them
  2. He foresaw that there was a real possibility of the principal committing the crime he did
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the test from Powell & English?

A
  1. The defendant accomplice foresaw that the principal might go on to commit the offence
  2. The act of the principal must be foreseen
  3. The accomplice is liable if the principal does an act of the kind intended or foreseen by the accomplice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is the accomplice not liable?

A
  • When the principal does an act which is fundamentally different from that they foresaw i.e. using a different weapon like the knife in English or Rahman [2008]
  • If the accomplice knew the principal had a weapon on him then he is deemed to foresee that the principal will use that weapon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is a person liable for selling a weapon?

A

-they may be under aiding and abetting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Can a party withdraw from a joint enterprise?

A
  • Yes, as long as the withdrawal takes place before the commission of the offence
  • The withdrawal must be clear and unequivocal notice - Becerra [1975]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly