1.1 Compare Criminal Behaviour and Deviance

Question 1

Values

Answer 1

General principles guiding beliefs about right and wrong, like respect for human life

Question 2

Norms

Answer 2

Specific socially accepted rules governing behaviour in particular situations

Question 3

Norms

Answer 3

linked to values with specific rules supporting general principles

Question 4

Societies

Answer 4

Societies like uk and USAs often value individual wealth as a personal goal, where as native americans may value the duty to share wealth and respect elders

Question 5

Moral code

Answer 5

Basic rules, values and principles upheld by individuals, groups or societies
Eg: police code of ethics guiding police behaviour, includes principles like accountability, integrity, openness and fairness

Question 6

Social Norms

Answer 6

can vary across nations

Question 7

social values and example

Answer 7

General principles guiding beliefs about right and wrong, eg, respect for human life.

Question 8

Deviance

Answer 8

behaviour that differs from what is considered normal or typical in society
Can be unusual and positive, like risking your life to save someone
Can be unusual and eccentric, like talking to trees
Can be unusual and negative, like attacking someone without any reason

Question 9

Sanctions

Answer 9

Can prevent deviance by discouraging behaviours that go against societal norms
Formal sanctions- punishment imposed by official bodies
courts- fine for theft
schools- exclude student for bullying
Informal sanctions- unspoken punishment used when non written rules are broken
Friends- refuse to talk after a fight
Positive sanctions- rewarded behaviour that society approves of, like medals for bravery

Question 10

Criminal behaviour

Answer 10

Deviance that’s harmful enough for the state to intervene and punish by law

Question 11

Legal definition of crime

Answer 11

requires actus reus (a guilty act) and mens rea ( a guilty mind) but allows exceptions like strict liability and self defence

Question 12

social definitions of crime

Answer 12

differs from legal definition, as public views on what counts as a crime might vary.

Question 13

Minor crime

Answer 13

people who commit minor crime like speeding may not see themselves as criminals.

Question 14

law enforcement

Answer 14

Prioritize some crimes over others, with white collar crime being less investigated due to complexity.

Question 15

Criminal laws

Answer 15

reflect who has influence over law making such as media, businesses or pressure group.

Question 16

Laws updation

Answer 16

these are updated to match public opinion, with certain acts decriminalized or newly defined as crimes.

Question 17

Criminal acts

Answer 17

it legally involves breaking the law, with classifications based on seriousness or subject matter.

Question 18

summary offences

Answer 18

less serious crimes and handled by magistrates courts

Question 19

indictable offences

Answer 19

more serious and tried in crown court with harsher penalties

Question 20

types of criminal offences

Question 21

Violent

Answer 21

actions like murder assault or manslaughter

Question 22

sexual

Answer 22

rape, sex trafficking and grooming

Question 23

property

Answer 23

burglary theft and robbery

Question 24

fraud related

Answer 24

dishonest acts, like fraud by company directors

Question 25

criminal damage

Answer 25

arson and other property destruction

Question 26

drug offences

Answer 26

Drug possession or drug trafficking

Question 27

public order

Answer 27

acts disrupting public peace, like riots

Question 28

formal sancations

Answer 28

penalties imposed by courts or police

Question 29

custodial sentences

Answer 29

imprisonment or youth detention, with varying lengths up to life.

Question 30

community sentences

Answer 30

alternative to prision, including probation and community service

Question 31

fines

Answer 31

monetary penalties based on offense severity and the offenders ability to pay

Question 32

cautions

Answer 32

warnings for low level crimes, often for first time offence