1.1 compare criminal behavior and deviance Flashcards
What are norms ?
specific rules or socially accepted standards that govern peoples behavior in particular situation
what are values ?
general principles or guidelines for how we should live our lives .They tell us good from bad and right from wrong
give a value that is found in all societies
respect for human life
what is a moral code ?
a set of basic rules , values and principles held by an individual , group , organisation and respect .
define devience
behavior that differs from normal and goes against social norms
what are the three types of deviant behavior
unusual and good
unusual and bad
unusual and bizarre
name the 4 types of sanctions
formal sanctions
informal sanctions
positive sanctions
social control sanctions
what are formal sanctions ?
sanctions imposed by official bodies such as police officers , courts …
punishments for brekaing the law
eg fine
what are informal sanctions
rules that are not formally written down and are unspoken , others may show disapproval in informal ways eg refusing to speak to them
what are positive sanctions
positive rewards for behavior that society approves of
eg medals for bravery
what are social control sanctions ?
all sanctions are forms of social control , this is ways that society seeks to control our behavior and ensure that we behave as others expect us to .
define criminal behaviour
a form of deviance that involves serious and harmful acts that are wrong against society
what is the legal definition of criminal law
criminal behavior in any action that is forbidden by the criminal law where actus reus and mens rea was present and can be proved
define strict liability
when an act is enough to convict someone even if mens rea isnt present
eg health and safety laws in workplaces
what is the social definition of criminal behavior
not all harmful acts are seen as criminal so it is better to view how crimes are defined socially in order to get a better understanding
explain law enforcement
not all crimes are enforced , some are low priority or complex and time consuming
explain law making
not all acts that people think are crimes have laws passed against them , which actions get made illegal depends on who has the power to influence these changes in law .
what are summary offences ?
less serious offences such as speeding that are tried by magistrates
what are indictable offences ?
more serious offences such as murder , these are tried in crown court before a judge and jury and result in more severe sentences
what is subject matter of the offence ?
crimes can be classified in terms is the act itself eg is it a crime of violence
what are the 7 classes of crime (subject matter of the offence)
violence against the person
public order offences
sexual offences
criminal damage
drug offences
fraud and forgery
offences against property
what is a custodial sentence ?
a court sanction
punishment for serious offences such as imprisonment or detention in a youth facility
what are community sentences ?
served in the community rather than in jail this can include curfews , attendence to anger management classes or probation orders
fines and financial penalties
community sentences (what is discharge)
period of time where an offender cannot commit another crime or they will go straight back to prison
what are police sanctions
cautions - warning from the police etc to age 10+ for minor crimes
conditional cautions - stick to certain rules and restrictions , could be charged with crime if these conditions are broken
penalty notices for disorder - issued for minor crimes , no conviction if you pay the fine
