1.1, Chemicals in The Environment Flashcards

1
Q

What Are The Steps In The Nitrogen Cycle?

A
  1. Nitrogen Fixation
  2. Nitrification
  3. Assimilation
  4. Ammonification
  5. Dentificration
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2
Q

Nitrogen Fixation

A

Free Nitrogen in the atmosphere can’t be used by plants needs to be fixed. Its seperated and combined with other elements to create new compounds. This process forms Ammonia.

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3
Q

Nitrification

A

The ammonia is oxidized, and this forms nitrites (NO2) and Nitrates (NO3)

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4
Q

Assimilation

A

When the plants take the ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates in the soil through their roots to create proteins.

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5
Q

Ammonification

A

When an organism excretes waste or dies and the nitrogen goes back into the soil. The decomposers convert the proteins back into ammonium.

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6
Q

Dentirification

A

Where the nitrates are converted back into free nitrogen!

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7
Q

What are some natural processes that affect the chemicals in the environment.

A

Nitrogen cycle, cellular respiration, photosynthesis, metabol

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8
Q

NPK is…

A

NItrogen Phosphorous Potassium

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9
Q

Leachate is…

A

When rainwater moves through solid waste in landfills and it can dissolve or corrode waste.

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10
Q

Effluent is…

A

WasteWater

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11
Q

How can effluent be treated?

A

Physical: Filtering
Biological: Treated with bacteria
Chemical: Disinfecting

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12
Q

What are some greenhouse gasses?

A

Water vapour, carbon dioxide

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13
Q

What is responsible for smog and acid rain?

A
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14
Q

What compound is in sour gas

A

Hydrogen sulfide

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15
Q

PH is…

A

Power of Hydrogen

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16
Q

For every one number on the PH scale, its a __________

A

Ten fold difference

17
Q

Acids have a higher concentration of…

A

Hydrogen ions

18
Q

Bases have a higher concentration of…

A

Hydroxide ions

19
Q

Blue litmus paper turns ____ in an acid, and red litmus paper turns ____ in a base

A

Red, Blue

20
Q

A reaction between an acid and base always results in _______ or _______

A

Water, Salt of some kind

21
Q

When you want to neutralize a strong acid what would you add?

A

A weak base. Same works vice versa

22
Q

Organic compounds are made within ______________

A

Living things

23
Q

Inorganic compounds are typically __________

A

Smaller

24
Q

Organic compounds contain what element?

A

Carbone

25
Q

Whats a nutrient?

A

Something that your body needs to survive

26
Q

What are the four biomolecules?

A

Carbs, Proteins, lipids, and Nucleic acids

27
Q

What do Carbohydrates do?

A

MAin source of energy, Organinc, the monomer is glucose or fructose, long term energy

28
Q

What do lipids do?

A

They store energy, act as sctructural compenoents of cell memberances, monomers are glycerol backbone and fatty acid chains

29
Q

WHat do proteins do?

A

USed for growth and repair and also a source of energy, the monomers are amino acids.

30
Q

What do nucleic acids do?

A

Major role in hereditary and controlling cells activities, all cells contain two important nucleic acids DNA and RNA. Monomers for these are nucliotides

31
Q

Nutrients that diffuse directly into cells are _______

A

Oxygen and Carbon dioxide

32
Q

Facilitated diffusion is…

A

IOns are too large to go through the phospholipid bylayer. They need a protein channel.

33
Q

What moves thru facilitated diffusion?

A

Amino acids and glucose

34
Q

Active transport is…

A

Where they use energy to move nutrients from an area of low concentration to high concentration. ATP.

35
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

36
Q

Hydrolisis is…

A

Breakdown or digestion of large organisms

37
Q

Substrate is…

A

Where an organism lives and gains its nutrients