1.1 Characteristic Of CPU

Question 1

ALU definition

Answer 1

Arithmetic and logic unit used to complete arithmetic and logic operations

Question 2

Control unit definition

Answer 2

The control unit directs the operation of the cpu

Question 3

Registers definition

Answer 3

Registers are small memory cells that operate at very high speeds used to store data

Question 4

Program counter definition

Answer 4

The program counters holds the next instruction to be executed

Question 5

Accumulator definition

Answer 5

The accumulator stores the result from calculations

Question 6

Memory Address Register definition

Answer 6

The MDR holds the address of a location that is to be read from or written to

Question 7

Current Instruction Register

Answer 7

The CIR holds the current instruction being executed divided up into the operand and code

Question 8

Where is the BIOS

Answer 8

The basic input/output system is stored in non-volatile memory

Question 9

What is the BIOS

Answer 9

The BIOS tests the hardware in a computer so it is ready and loads the boot loader program

Question 10

Data bus definition

Answer 10

A data bus is a bi-directional used for transporting data and instructions

Question 11

Address bus definition

Answer 11

The address bus is used to transmit the memory address

Question 12

Control bus definition

Answer 12

The control bus is bi-directional bus used to transmit control signals

Question 13

Assembly code definition

Answer 13

Assembly uses mnemonics to represent instructions. The instruction is divided into the operand and code in the CIR

Question 14

Pipelining definition

Answer 14

Pipelining is the process of fetch decode execute of three separate instructions simultaneously

Question 15

Use of pipelining

Answer 15

Used to reduce the amount of the CPU which is kept idle

Question 16

What is a Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC)

Answer 16

there is a small instruction set. Each instruction is approximately one
line of machine code and takes one clock cycle.

Question 17

What is a Complex Instruction Set Computers (CISC)

Answer 17

In these processors there is a large instruction set. The aim is to try and accomplish tasks
in as few lines of assembly code as possible

Question 18

RISC Or CISC:
The compiler has to do more work to
translate high level code into machine
code.

Answer 18

RISC

Question 19

RISC Or CISC:

More RAM is required to store the code.

Answer 19

RISC

Question 20

RISC Or CISC:
Pipelining is possible since each instruction
takes one clock cycle.

Answer 20

RISC

Question 21

RISC Or CISC:
Many specialised instructions are made,
even though only a few of them are used.

Answer 21

CISC

Question 22

RISC Or CISC:
Less RAM is required since code is
shorter.

Answer 22

CISC

Question 23

RISC Or CISC:
Many specialised instructions are made,
even though only a few of them are used.

Answer 23

CISC

Question 24

What is a Multi-core CPU

Answer 24

a CPU with multiple independent cores, that can complete instructions
separately which results in higher performance

Question 25

What is a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

Answer 25

A device which work in parallel making it very efficient at completing repetitive tasks
such as image processing and machine learning

Question 26

What happens in the Fetch Phase

Answer 26

Address from the PC is copied to the MAR. The Instruction held at that address is copied to MDR by the data bus
The PC are increments by 1.

Question 27

What is the Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle

Answer 27

The sequence of operations that are completed in order

to execute an instruction.

Question 28

What happens in the Decode Phase

Answer 28

The control unit works out what the instruction is and sends signals to coordinate the other components.

Question 29

What happens in the Execute Phase

Answer 29

The instruction is executed, using the ALU if necessary. Then then the cycle starts again

Question 30

Three factors that affect CPU performance

Answer 30

Clock speed, number of cores and the amount of cache memory.

Question 31

What are the properties of RISC?

Answer 31

Small instruction set
Each instruction is one line of machine code
Used in everyday devices

Question 32

What are the properties of CISC?

Answer 32

A large instruction set
Instructions are built into hardware
Used in embedded systems and microprocessors

Question 33

What are the benefits of RISC processors?

Answer 33

Pipelining is possible since each instruction takes one clock cycle

Question 34

What are the benefits of CISC processors?

Answer 34

Compilers have to do less work, They require less RAM since instructions are smaller