1.1 Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Diastole

Answer 1

Term used to describe the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle. Heart ventricles are relaxed and fill with blood

Question 2

Systole

Answer 2

Term used to describe the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle - the ventricles contract and blood pumped to the arteries

Question 3

Stroke volume

Answer 3

The volume of blood that leaves the heart during each contraction

Question 4

Health

Answer 4

State of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity

Question 5

Fitness

Answer 5

The ability to meet and cope with the demands of the environment

Question 6

Physical activity

Answer 6

Being active and taking part in exercise - can directly benefit your physical health and wellbeing
Or doing physical activity to maintain or improve fitness

Question 7

Heart rate

Answer 7

Number of times the heart beats per minute

Question 8

Anticipatory rise

Answer 8

Slight increase in heart rate usually before activity starts due to the expectation of exercise

Question 9

Cardiac output

Answer 9

The amount of blood the heart pumps out. Measured in litres per minute

Question 10

What is the cardiovascular system made up of

Answer 10

The heart and the blood vessels

Question 11

Why is an efficient cardiovascular system important during exercise

Answer 11

• deliever oxygen to working muscles
• remove lactic acid

Question 12

Cardiac muscles - what are they? Where has more?

Question 13

What does the vena cava do?

Answer 13

Brings deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Question 14

What does the pulmonary vein do

Answer 14

Delivered oxygenated blood to the left atrium

Question 15

What does the pulmonary artery do?

Answer 15

Transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs to be oxygenated

Question 16

What does the aorta do

Answer 16

Transports blood from left ventricle to the working muscles

Question 17

What is the jobs of the valves of the heart

Answer 17

They open and close to allow blood to pass through but also to prevent back flow of blood

Question 18

Myogenic

Answer 18

The capacity of the heart to generate its own impulses

Question 19

Sinoatrial node

Answer 19

A small mass of cardiac muscles found in the wall of the right atrium that generates the heart beat. It is more commonly called the pacemaker

Question 20

Atrioventricular node

Answer 20

This node relays the impulse between the upper and lower sections of the heart

Question 21

Bundle of his

Answer 21

A collection of heart muscle cells that transmit electrical impulses from the AVN via the bundle branches to the ventricles

Question 22

Purkyne fibres

Answer 22

Muscle fibres that conduct impulses in the walls of the ventricles

Question 23

Long term effects on the heart?

Answer 23

• increase in size and strength of the heart
• increase number of capillaries- more efficient oxygen to muscles
• improvement in cardiac output
• decrease resting HR
• Increase in blood volume = more oxygen

Question 24

Short term effects on the heart?

Answer 24

-increased HR due to adrenaline
-increase in stroke volume
-increase cardiac output