1.1 Carbohydrates Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Carbohydrates

A

These are organic compounds containing carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.

It’s basic unit is a monosaccharide.

2 monosaccharides=disaccharide

Many monosaccharides=polysaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Monosaccharides

A

An individual sugar molecule.

It’s general formula (CH20)n

Name determined by carbon number.

Triose=3 Pentose=5 Hexose=6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Isomer definition

A

Molecules with the same chemical formula but a different arrangement of atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Isomers of glucose

A

Alpha and beta glucose

Draw them out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functions of monosaccharides

A

•They are a source of energy in respiration.

—>Their bonds are broken to release energy which is used to make ATP.

•they are building blocks for larger molecules.

—>glucose is used to make polysaccharides such as starch, glycogen and cellulose.

•intermediates in reactions, e.g. triose in respiration and photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Draw structures of monosaccharide sugars triose and hexose.

A

Check with textbook to see if you were correct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Test for presence of sugar

A

The Benedictus test detects reducing sugars in solution.

•needs to be at least 70 degrees.

If a reducing sugar is present, the solution will turn from blue through green, yellow and orange to brick red.

BGOR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Disaccharides

A

Composed of 2 monosaccharide units bonded by a glycosidic bond and the elimination of a water molecule.

This is an example of a condensation reaction where water is a product.

Draw reaction of 2 alpha glucose to form maltose and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Polysaccharides

A
  • These are large and complex polymers.

* formed from large numbers of monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Definition of polymer

A

A large molecule comprising repeated units, monomers, that are bonded together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glucose explained

A
  • It is the main source of energy in cells.
  • It must be stored in appropriate forms, starch in plants, glycogen in animals.
  • Glucose is soluble in water so it would increase the conc of the cell contents and draw water in by osmosis.

—> this is avoided by converting glucose to a storage product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Features of starch

A

It is insoluble so it has no osmotic effect.

It cannot diffuse out of the cell.

It is a compact molecule.

Carries lots of energy in its C-C and C-H bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is starch?

A

Starch is the main Stephen of glucose in plants.

It is found in high concentrations in seeds and potato tubers.

It is made up of alpha glucose molecules bonded together in two ways.

—> forming 2 polymers. Amylose and amylopectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Featured of amylose

A

Amylose is a linear, unbranched molecule with alpha 1,4-glycosidic bonds forming between the first carbon(C1)of one glucose molecule and the fourth carbon(C4) of an adjacent carbon.

—> this is repeated forming a helix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Draw out amylose

A

Check if correct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Amylopectin

A

•Has chains of glucose monomers joined with alpha 1,4-glycosidic bonds.

—> crosslinked with alpha 1,6- glycosidic binds and fit inside the amylose.

•When a glycosudic bond forms between the C1 of a glucose and the C6 atom of another, a side branch is seen.

17
Q

Test for presence of starch

A

Iodine solution reacts with starch, resulting in a colour change form brown to blue/black.

This is a qualitative test so an accurate concentration cannot be determined.

18
Q

Glycogen

A
  • Main storage product in animals.
  • has alpha 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds.

—> difference is that glycogen has shorter chains but is more branched.

19
Q

Cellulose

A
  • a structural polysaccharide.
  • most abundant organic molecule.
  • it consists of many long, parallel chains of beta glucose units.

—> joined by beta 1,4-glycosidic bonds and the link roasters 180 degrees adjacent.

—> this allows hydrogen bonds to form on (OH) groups, contributing to structure.