Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 207 > (11) cannabis > Flashcards

(11) cannabis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two strains of cannabis and why is their difference meaningful?

A
  1. Sativa: lower CBD & higher THC
    - energetic effect
  2. Indica: higher CBD, lower THC
    - relaxing, calming effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the cannabis oils?

A
  • hemp oil: made from seeds, no psychoactive ingredients
  • cannabis oil: potent, long-lasting, has psychoactive ingredients
  • CBD oil: minimal psychoactive effects, potential therapeutic benefit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the ways cannabis is administrated? (Ijpbv Ohot)

A
  • inhalation (most common):
    • joints: dried leaves in rolled smoking paper
    • pipes
    • bong: water-based vaporiser
    • vaporiser
  • oral administration:
    • hashish in food
    • oils in food
    • tea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are synthetic cannabinoids and why are they particularly risky?

A
  • aka herbal/liquid incense, K2, spice
  • intensely potent, much more dangerous
  • v. high doses: strange effects like psychosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are phytocannabinoids?

A

psychoactive molecules, exogenous cannabinoids:

  • Delta-9-tetrahydrocannibinol (aka THC): content drives strong psychoactive effects
  • Cannabidiol (CBD)
  • Cannabinol, N-alkamide & B-caryophyllene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What has changed over the last thirty years of cultivation?

A
  • old days: not much THC, can smoke entire joint & not get high
  • nowadays: cultivation by breeding & hybridising most potent variants creates much more psychoactive ingredients in plants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the pharmacokinetics of phytocannabinoids? (AI Ajve AA)

A
  • absorbed thru lungs
  • inhalation: effects within seconds (peak after ~9 mins)
  • amounts in bloodstream after absorption & first-pass metabolism (for edibles):
    • joint: 50%
    • vape: up to 80%
    • edibles: 25-30%
  • active metabolite: 11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC
  • accumulates in fatty tissues, half-life ~7 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the pharmacodynamics of phytocannabinoids?

A
  • mimics effect of endocannabinoids (agonist)

- endocannabinoids & phytocannabinoids have inhibitory effects on brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the endocannabinoid system, including its neurotransmitters and their release? (Ei Ed)

A
  • endocannabinoids: molecules in brain chemically similar to THC & CBD
    • includes NTs: anandamide & 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)
  • endocannabinoids synthesised on demand:
    • dendrites make & release them, float backwards to axon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the receptors in the endocannabinoid system?

A
  • CB-1 & CB-2: both GPCRs & inhibitory modulation
  1. CB-1: found in brain
    • mediates DA release, but don’t know how
  2. CB-2: mostly in body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the effects of cannabis administration? (AACFIIMMMNPPR)

A
  • altered consciousness
  • anxiety
  • conflicting evidence on motivation
  • fragmented speech
  • immune system suppressed
  • increased heart rate
  • memory impairments
  • mood elevation
  • motor inhibition
  • nausea relief, appetite stimulant
  • pain relief
  • psychosis
  • reddened eyes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some weird/fun/scary facts about cannabis? (Cb T St Mu)

A
  • contact highs are real:
    • being around high ppl gets you high
  • THC accumulates in fat cells, exercise releases THC
  • strong placebo effect for cannabis:
    • think they are smoking/ingesting, feel more subjective effects
  • munchies are real:
    • use it, feel hungier
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some weird/fun/scary facts about cannabis? (P Gr Cuu)

A
  • probably not “gateway drug”
  • “greening out”:
    • related to high doses: nauseated, feel sick, agitated & distress
  • cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome:
    • use high level of phytocannabinoids, persistently vomit
    • unsure how/why it occurs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the features of addiction?

A
  • craving
  • tolerance → escalation of intake
  • dependence → withdrawal
  • permanent/semi-permanent changes on brain function (esp. DA)
  • continued use despite adverse effects on life
  • cannabis use satisfies many/all
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does craving, tolerance and escalation function in cannabis use?

A
  • use escalates when participants given free access to drug
  • up to 20 joints a day
  • indicated need to smoke more to achieve same subjective effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does dependence and withdrawal function in cannabis use? (Ahiudww)

A
  • after 4 weeks, drug withheld from participants & not happy
    • “hostile”
    • “irritable”
    • “uncooperative”
    • difficulty sleeping
    • weak appetite
    • withdrawn
17
Q

How does dopamine function in cannabis use?

A
  • indirectly increases DA release in NAcc

- cannabis has all the hallmarks of addictive substance

18
Q

What is the efficacy of cannabis use in cancer?

A
  • some chemicals in cannabis shown to temporarily stop cancer growth in petri dish studies
  • tar in cannabis cigarettes = tar in tobacco cigarettes & are unfiltered
  • weak/nonexistent link to lung cancer
  • cancer treatment leads to nausea & lack of appetite
  • cannabis has efficacy in treating nausea & vomiting
  • cannabis increases appetite -> weight gain in cancer patients
  • mild benefits for pain (shouldn’t be first choice tho)
19
Q

What is the efficacy of cannabis use in multiple sclerosis (MS)?

A
  • MS: problems w/ balance, fatigue, sensory systems, muscle weakness, tremor
  • spasticity (spasms & rigidity) common & painful
  • good evidence for 1:1 THC:CBD solution (Sativex) helping w/ MS spasticity, including pain
20
Q

What is the efficacy of cannabis use in epilepsy?

A

Epilepsy: frequent, unprovoked seizures

  • Cannabidiol (CBD) reduces frequency & severity of seizures
  • mechanism unclear
21
Q

What is the efficacy of cannabis use in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other disorders?

A

PD: neurodegenerative disorder that leads to impaired voluntary behaviour, muscle rigidity, tremor
- cannabis reduces side effects related to PD medication

  • other diseases w/ some promise: AIDS, arthritis, asthma, chronic pain, Crohn’s disease, glaucoma, irritable bowel syndrome
22
Q

What are the risks involved with cannabis use? Does cannabis use cause schizophrenia? (Tr Ds Hrii)

A

When to avoid cannabis:

  • already at risk for schizophrenia, esp. teenagers:
    • risk about the same as living in urban areas, migration, etc.
  • driving:
    • slow down reaction time & more likely to cause accident
  • heavy long-term use:
    • reduce white matter
    • increase likelihood of having depression/anxiety
    • increase likelihood of neurological decline related to age, negative effect on aging brain

PSYC 207 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions