1.1 bonding, structure and properties Flashcards
difference between ionic and covalent bonding
ionic gain or lose electrons whereas covalent share electrons
what to remember when doing ionic bonding?
electron transfer
ionic charge
describe giant ionic structure
giant 3D lattice arangement of positiva and negative ions
giant ionic structure bonds
strong electrostatic attrations
giant ionic structure melting pt
high because of strong electrostatic attractions
giant ionic structure electrical conductor
only when molten or aqueous because ions are free to move in liquid
giant ionic structure example
soidum chloride
describe simple covalent structure
isolated molecules with weak van der waals attractions between molecules
simple covalent structure bonds
strong bonds within molecules
simple covalent structure melting pt
low because van der waals attractions make and break themselves
simple covalent structure electrical conductor
never because no moving ions
simple covalent structure example
iodine
describe giant covalent diamond
repeating 3D structure where each atoms is attatched to 4 others
giant covalent diamond bonds
super strong covalent bonds
giant covalent diamond melting pt
incredibly high because hard to break super strong bonds
giant covalent diamond electrical conductor
no because has no moving ions
giant covalent diamond example
diamond
describe giant covalent graphite
repeating 3D structure where each atom is joined to 3 others forming hexagons
giant covalent graphite bonds
super strong bonds, weak intermolecular van der waals attractions between layers
giant covalent graphite melting pt
high because super strong bonds
giant covalent graphite electrical conductor
excellent conductor
giant covalent graphite additional property
slippery as layers can move on top of each other
giant covalent graphite use
lubricant
describe giant covalent fullerenes - carbon nanotubes
repeating 3D structure where each atoms is joined to 3 others forming one layer of hexagons rolled into a tube
giant covalent fullerenes - carbon nanotubes bonds
super strong
giant covalent fullerenes - carbon nanotubes melting pt
high because super strong bonds to break
giant covalent fullerenes - carbon nanotubes electrical conductor
excellent conductor, lots of delocalised electrons
giant covalent fullerenes - carbon nanotubes additional properties
low density as tube is hollow
giant covalent fullerenes - carbon nanotubes use
drug delivery
describe giant covalent fullerenes - bucky balls
repeating 3D spherical shaped structure
giant covalent fullerenes - bucky balls bonds
super strong
giant covalent fullerenes - bucky balls melting pt
high because super strong bonds to break
giant covalent fullerenes - bucky balls electrical conductor
excellent conductor
giant covalent fullerenes - bucky balls additional property
low density because cage structure is hollow
giant covalent fullerenes - bucky balls use
minature electronics
describe giant covalent graphene
repeating 3D structure where one atom is joined to 3 others forming one layer of hexagons
giant covalent graphene bonds
super strong
giant covalent graphene melting pt
high because strong bonds to break
giant covalent graphene electrical conductor
excellent conductor, lots of delocalised electrons
giant covalent graphene additional property
low density because one layer
giant covalent graphene use
phone screens
describe metallic structures
positive metal ions surrounded by sea of delocalised electrons
metallic structures bonds
stromg sttraction between ions
metallic structures melting pt
high because strong attractions
metallic structures electrical conductor
conducts electricity because delocalised electrons
metallic structures example
sodium
why can nano particles be significant in the world of science?
when an element is turned doen into nano form from its ‘bulk’ material its properties can be completely different making them more relevant
why is a nano particles properties different than the elements ‘bulk’ form?
increased surface area
nano silver property and use
antibacterial and microbe killing properties
antiseptic sprays and coating of appliances
titanium dioxide property and use
hydrophobic and can reflect and abrob UV light
self cleaning glass and sunscreen
advantages of nanotechnology
Potential innovations due to new relevant properties
disadvantages of nanotechnology
potential risk of disease when abrosbed into skin or inhaled inflaming lungs
what is a smart material
material that can change its visual or physical properties depending on its environment
can smart material changes be reversible?
yes
thermochromic paint propery and use
can change colour when heated
thermometer
photochromic paint propery and use
changes colour on exposure to light
sunglasses
spahe memory alloy propery and use
regains original shape when heated
car bodies
