1.1 Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is a nuclide?
A nuclide is any species with a specified number of protons and neutrons
Representation fo a nuclide
A..
X
Z…
X = element
A = mass / nucleon number
Z = atomic / proton number
Sub- Atomic Particles (1)
Protons
- Location: inside nucleus
- Relative Mass: 1
- Relative Charge: +1
Sub-atomic Particles (2)
Neutrons
Location: Inside nucleus
Relative Mass: 1
Relative Charge: 0
Attraction of protons and neutrons in the nucleus due to ___________
Nuclear forces
Protons in an electric field
Positively charged » attracted / deflected towards negatively charged plate
- deflect less as they have a greater mass than electrons
angle of deflection (p) < angle of deflection (e)
Neutrons in an electric field
electrically neutral » not deflected
Sub-atomic Particles (3)
Electrons
Location: Outside nucleus
Relative Mass: 1 / 1840
Relative Charge: -1
Electrons are attracted to protons due to ___________
Electrostatic forces of attraction
Electrons in an electric field
Negatively charged » attracted / defelected towards positively charged plate
- deflects more than protons as electrons have a lower mass
angle of deflection (e) > angle of deflection (p)
Finding angle of deflection
angle of deflection ∝ charge / mass (q/m)
FInd q/m of given particle before finding q/m of required particle
Isotopes Definition
Atoms of an element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
hence different nucleon numbers
Chemical properties of isotopes
Similar
Electrons are transferred between atoms in a reaction, therefore neutrons are unaffected and remain intact in nucleus
Physical Properties of isotopes
Different
Due to different no. of neutrons, isotopes have different masses. Hence properties such as density are different for isotopes.
Stability of isotopes
Unstable
They undergo radioactive decay to produce a different isotope
