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CCEA GCSE Chemistry Unit 1 > 1.1 Atomic structure > Flashcards

1.1 Atomic structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meant by the term element?

A

an element consists of only one type of atom/cannot be broken down
into anything simpler by chemical means

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2
Q

What is meant by the term atomic number?

A

number of protons in an element

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3
Q

Explain what is meant by relative in the term relative atomic mass.

A

The relative atomic mass is the mass of the atom compared with that of the carbon-12 isotope, which has a mass of exactly 12, and it is the weighted mean of the mass numbers.

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4
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Isotopes are atoms which have the same number of protons (so they are atoms of the same element) but they have a different number of neutrons (so they have a different mass number).

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5
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

Positive

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6
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

Negative

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7
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

No charge

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8
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

A

1 atomic mass unit

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9
Q

What is the mass of a neutron?

A

1 atomic mass unit

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10
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

1/1840

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11
Q

Where in the atom are protons located?

A

In the nucleus

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12
Q

Where in the atom are neutrons located?

A

In the nucleus

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13
Q

Where in the atom are electrons located?

A

In shells surrounding the nucleus

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14
Q

Describe the Plum pudding model of the atom.

A

JJ Thomson’s Plum Pudding Model of the atom considered it having negative electrons embedded in a continuous matrix of positive charge. The electrons like currants embedded in the positively charged cake matrix of the pudding.

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15
Q

Who discovered the neutron

A

James Chadwick

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16
Q

Describe Rutherford’s model of the atom.

A

Rutherford’s model compared the atom to the Solar system, where negatively charged electrons orbit a tiny, central and positively charged nucleus: like the Planets orbit the Sun.

17
Q

Why are atoms chemically neutral?

A

They have equal numbers of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons.

18
Q

What is the definition of an ion?

A

An electrically charged particle formed when an atom gains or loses electrons.

19
Q

What is a cation?

A

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses an electron or electrons.

20
Q

What is an anion?

A

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains an electron or electrons.

21
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A particle made from two or more atoms covalently bonded.

22
Q

What is meant by the mass number of an element?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

23
Q

How many protons, electrons and neutrons are in the element Magnesium?

A

Protons = 12
Electrons = 12
Neutrons = 24 - 12 = 12

24
Q

How many protons, electrons and neutrons are in the element Oxygen?

A

Protons = 8
Electrons = 8
Neutrons = 16 - 8 = 8

25
Q

How many protons, electrons and neutrons are in the ion oxide?

A

Oxide ion has a charge of 2-

Protons = 8
Electrons = 8 + 2 = 10
Neutrons = 16 - 8 = 8

26
Q

How many protons, electrons and neutrons are in the ion of aluminium?

A

aluminium ion has a charge of 3+

Protons = 13
Electrons = 13 - 3 = 10
Neutrons = 27 - 13 = 14

27
Q

Name and give the charge of the ion that has an atomic number of 7, but has 10 electrons

A

Nitrogen with a 3- charge

28
Q

Name and give the charge of the ion that has an atomic number of 11, but has 10 electrons

A

Sodium with a 1+ charge

29
Q

What element has the electronic arrangement of 2,8,8,1?

A

Potassium
19 electrons = atomic number

30
Q

What element has the electronic arrangement of 2,8?

A

Neon
10 electrons = atomic number

31
Q

Which ion has the electronic arrangement of 2,8 with a charge of 2-?

A

Oxide ion

32
Q

Which ion has the electronic arrangement of 2,8,8 with a charge of 2+?

A

Calcium ion

33
Q

What is the typical size of an atom?

A

0.1 nanometers.

34
Q

How much smaller is the radius of an nucleus compared to the radius of the atom?

A

ten thousand times smaller

1/10,000

35
Q

Analysis of potassium showed it has three isotopes with the following mass numbers and abundances:

93.1% 39K, 0.012 %, 40K and 6.9 % are 41K.

Calculate the accurate relative atomic mass of potassium to three decimal places.

A

Ar of Potassium
= (39 x 93.1/100) + (40 x 0.012/100) + (41 x 6.9/100)

= 36.3090 + 0.0048 + 2.8290

= 39.1428

Ar of K = 39.143

CCEA GCSE Chemistry Unit 1 (10 decks)

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