1.1 Architecture

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

Stores data and instructions currently in use

Question 2

CPU

Answer 2

Processes data and executes instructions

Question 3

Program counter

Answer 3

Holds address of the next instruction

Question 4

Memory address register

Answer 4

Stores the address of the instructed that is currently getting fetched

Question 5

Memory data register

Answer 5

Holds data that has already been fetched from main memory

Question 6

Accumulator

Answer 6

Holds results of calculations

Question 7

Control unit

Answer 7

Decides instructions and sends signals to control the CPU

Question 8

Address bus

Answer 8

From the MAR to RAM

Question 9

Data bus

Answer 9

from RAM to the MDR

Question 10

Cache

Answer 10

Fast access memory to frequently used data without going back to RAM

Question 11

Fetch

Answer 11

Program counter checked
Passes to MAR
MAR fetched from main memory via address bus
Data bus returns to MDR
program counter increments by one

Question 12

Decode

Answer 12

CU decodes data/instructions

Question 13

Execute

Answer 13

Depending on the instruction the CPU:
Fetches data for calculation(ALU-ACC)
Jump to another instruction out of sequence
Write data in ACC back to main memory

Question 14

What factors affect performance of the CPU

Answer 14

Clock speed, number of cores, cache size

Question 15

Clock speed

Answer 15

Amount of FDE cycles per second(Hz)

Question 16

Number of cores

Answer 16

More cores, more cycles at the same time
Copy of a CPU

Question 17

Cache size

Answer 17

Stores frequently used data
It’s quicker to fetch than going back to RAM

Question 18

What are the 4 registers

Answer 18

Program counter
Memory data register
Memory address register
Accumulator

Question 19

What are the two components in a CPU

Answer 19

control unit
Arithmetic logic unit

Question 20

What are the two buses

Answer 20

Data bus
Address bus

Question 21

Embedded system

Answer 21

Computer system with a dedicated function within a larger electrical system

Question 22

Properties of embedded systems

Answer 22

Low power consumption
Small size
Low cost
Simple CPU and memory unit

Question 23

Examples of embedded system

Answer 23

Microwave
Dishwasher
Washing machine
Sat nav

Question 24

What speed do modern processors operate at

Answer 24

Billions of cycles per second (gigahertz- GHz)

Question 25

Computer

Answer 25

An electronic device that takes an input, processes data and delivers and output