1.1 and 1.3 (formulae and chemical equations) Flashcards

1
Q

what does aqueous mean?

A

dissolved in water

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2
Q

What is the difference between copper sulphide and copper sulphate?

A

copper sulphate also has oxygen

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3
Q

Define compound

A

two or more different elements that are chemically bonded in a fixed proportion

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4
Q

what is a redox reaction?

A

a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.

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5
Q

What oxidation state (charge) does group 1 always have?

A

+1 oxidation state

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6
Q

What oxidation state (charge) does group 2 always have?

A

+2 oxidation state

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7
Q

What oxidation state (charge) does group 0 always have?

A

0 as they don’t react so don’t form ions

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8
Q

What oxidation state (charge) does group 7 always have?

A

-1 oxidation state

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9
Q

What oxidation state (charge) do transition metals have?

A

they have different oxidation states
eg Fe(II) and Fe(III)

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10
Q

what does an oxidation agent do?

A

they will oxidise the other compound in the reaction

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11
Q

what does a reducing agent do?

A

they will reduce the other compounds in the reaction

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12
Q

what is the definition of electronegativity?

A

the ability of an element to attract a pair of electrons in a covalent bond

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13
Q

what is ionic bonding?

A

the electrons transfer from metal to non-metal

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14
Q

what is covalent bonding?

A

shared between atoms

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15
Q

what is metallic bonding?

A

delocalised electrons

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16
Q

when is the oxidation state of oxygen different?

A

in hydrogen peroxide and the xodiation state is -1

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17
Q

what is the oxidation state of flourine always?

A

always -1

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18
Q

what is meant by an isotope?

A

isotopes occur when atoms of the same element have different masses (i.e same number of protons, different number of neutrons)

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19
Q

How do you calculate the percentage composition calculations?

A

mass of element ÷ mass of compound x 100

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20
Q

define a mole

A

a mole is the amount of a substance in grams which has the same number of particles as there are atoms

21
Q

what is avogadro’s constant?

A

6.02 x 10^23

22
Q

what is the equation to work out mols?

A

mass divided by mr

23
Q

define the term atom economy

A

a measure of the amount of starting materials that end up as useful products

24
Q

how do you calculate the percentage atom economy?

A

relative formula mass of useful products divided by relative formula mass of all products x100

25
Q

how much is 1 tonne in kg?

A

1000kg

26
Q

how much is 1 tonne in g?

A

1,000,000g

27
Q

define density

A

measures the amount of mass per unit of volume in a substance

28
Q

what is density?

A

mass/volume

29
Q

what are the three steps when converting density to concentration?

A

step 1 - no. of mols that you have in a solution n= m÷mr

step 2 - volume that the no. of mols is dissolved in
v= m ÷ d

step 3 - concentration
c= n ÷ v

30
Q

what does the volume always have to be in when working out solutions?

A

dm3

31
Q

define concentration

A

the amount of a substance dissolved in another substance

32
Q

how do you get from gdm-3 to moldm-3?

A

÷mr

33
Q

how do you get from moldm-3 to gdm-3?

A

xmr

34
Q

how do you convert from the empirical formula to the molecular formula?

A

mr÷empirical mr

35
Q

when working out calculations involving solutions what are the two equations you must remember and what are all the units?

A

m = n x mr
g = mol x no unit
n = c x v
mol = moldm-3 x dm3

36
Q

what are some sources of error when reading the burette/pipette in titrations?

A

ensure you read the solution at eye level
allow the pipette to drain via gravity

37
Q

what are some sources of error when using indicators?

A

people percieve colours differently

38
Q

what are some sources of error when weighing solids?

A

residue could be left on the weighing scale/boat
may be spillage

39
Q

what is the accuracy of a burette and how do you calculate the percentage error for it?

A

+/- 0.05cm3
2x0.05 / titre x100

40
Q

what is the accuracy of a 2 d.p mass balance and how do you calculate the percentage error for it?

A

+/- 0.005g
0.005/mass x100

41
Q

what is the accuracy of a 3 d.p balance and how do you calculate the percentage error for it?

A

+/- 0.0005g
0.0005/mass x 100

42
Q

What are the four steps in the determination of xH2O?

A
  1. calculate mass of water removed
  2. mass of dry salt
  3. the moles of water and the moles of the hydrate
  4. divide mols of water by hydrate
43
Q

How do you calculate percentage yield?

A

actual yield/theoretical yield x 100
(little/big)

44
Q

What does avogadro’s law only apply to?

A

gases

45
Q
A
46
Q

what is avogadro’s law?

A

equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules

47
Q

What is 1 mole of any gass at room temperature

A

24.5m3

48
Q

what is the difference between s.t.p and r.t.p? What is the volume of any gas at s.t.p?

A

room temperature and pressure (RTP) = 25 degrees celcius 298K and 1 atm (1.01x10^5 Pa)
standard temperature and pressure STP = 0 degrees celsius 273K and 1 atm pressure

49
Q

what is the number of mols of a gas?

A

n = V/Vm