1.1 Anatomy And Physiology

Question 1

What is the definition of articulating bones?

Answer 1

Where two or more bones come together to form a joint

Question 2

What are the articulating bones at the shoulder?

Answer 2

Scapula and Humerus

Question 3

What are the articulating bones at the elbow?

Answer 3

Humerus, Radius and Ulna

Question 4

What are the articulating bones at the wrist?

Answer 4

Ulna, Radius and Carpals

Question 5

What are the articulating bones at the hip?

Answer 5

Pelvis and Femur

Question 6

What are the articulating bones at the knee?

Answer 6

Femur and Tibia

Question 7

What are the articulating bones at the ankle?

Answer 7

Tibia and Talus

Question 8

What is the definition of a joint?

Answer 8

Where bones come together to allow movement of the skeleton, includes connective tissue and cartilage

Question 9

What is a ball and socket joint?

Answer 9

• a ball shaped head of one bone articulate with a cup like socket of another
• movement occurs on three planes
• allows greatest range of movement

Question 10

What is a hinge joint?

Answer 10

• a cylindrical protrusion of one bone articulates with a trough-shaped depression on another
• movement occurs on one plane
• bending and straightening only

Question 11

What is a condyloid joint?

Answer 11

• similar to a ball and socket joint but flatter surfaces
• movement occurs on two planes
• allows second greatest range of movement

Question 12

What is the joint type at the shoulder?

Answer 12

Ball and Socket Joint

Question 13

What is the joint type at the elbow?

Answer 13

Hinge Joint

Question 14

What is the joint type at the wrist?

Answer 14

Condyloid Joint

Question 15

What is the joint type at the hip?

Answer 15

Ball and Socket Joint

Question 16

What is the joint type at the knee?

Answer 16

Hinge Joint

Question 17

What is the joint type at the ankle?

Answer 17

Hinge Joint

Question 18

What is the definition of flexion?

Answer 18

A decrease in the angle that occurs around a joint

Question 19

What is the definition of extension?

Answer 19

An Increase in the angle that occurs around a joint

Question 20

What is the definition of plantar flexion?

Answer 20

Pointing of the ankle downwards away from the tibia

Question 21

What is the definition of dorsi flexion?

Answer 21

Pointing of the ankle upwards towards the tibia

Question 22

What is the definition of abduction?

Answer 22

A movement away from the midline of the body

Question 23

What is the definition of adduction?

Answer 23

Movement towards the midline of the body

Question 24

What is the definition of horizontal flexion?

Answer 24

Movement across the body towards the midline, parallel to the floor

Question 25

What is the definition of horizontal extension?

Answer 25

Movement across the body away from the midline, parallel to the floor

Question 26

What is the definition of medial rotation?

Answer 26

Inward movement of a bone about its axis inwards

Question 27

What is the definition of lateral rotation?

Answer 27

Outward movement of a one about its axis outward

Question 28

What is circumduction?

Answer 28

Circular movement of a body part, its a combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

Question 29

What are the 3 planes of movement?

Answer 29

Transverse Frontal Sagittal

Question 30

What is the transverse plane?

Answer 30

- rotation occurs around the longitudinal axis - eg, throwing a discus - horizontal flexion and extension

Question 31

What is the frontal plane?

Answer 31

- divides the body into front and back - movements are towards or away from the midline of the body - adduction and abduction of the shoulder and hip - eg, cartwheel

Question 32

What is the sagittal plane?

Answer 32

- divides the body into left and right halves - flexion and extension - eg, knee joint when striking a football

Question 33

What is the definition of a agonist?

Answer 33

The muscle which is directly responsible for the movement of a joint

Question 34

What is the definition of an antagonist?

Answer 34

A muscle that has an action opposite to the agonist and helps in the production of coordinated movement

Question 35

What is the definition of a fixator?

Answer 35

A muscle which stabilises the origin of the agonist so that the agonist can pull against the bone

Question 36

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's flexion at the shoulder?

Answer 36

agonist: anterior deltoid antagonist: posterior deltoid

Question 37

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's extension at the shoulder?

Answer 37

agonist: posterior deltoid antagonist: anterior deltoid

Question 38

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's abduction at the shoulder?

Answer 38

agonist: middle deltoid antagonist: latissimus dorsi

Question 39

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's adduction at the shoulder?

Answer 39

agonist: latissimus dorsi antagonist: middle deltoid

Question 40

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's horizontal flexion at the shoulder?

Answer 40

agonist: pectoralis major antagonist: trapezius

Question 41

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's horizontal extension at the shoulder?

Answer 41

agonist: trapezius antagonist: pectoralis major

Question 42

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's medial rotation at the shoulder?

Answer 42

agonist: infraspinatus antagonist: teres major

Question 43

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's lateral rotation at the shoulder?

Answer 43

agonist: teres major antagonist: infraspinatus

Question 44

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's flexion at the elbow?

Answer 44

agonist: biceps brachii antagonist: triceps brachii

Question 45

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's extension at the elbow?

Answer 45

agonist: triceps brachii antagonist: biceps brachii

Question 46

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's flexion at the wrist?

Answer 46

agonist: wrist extensor antagonist: wrist flexor

Question 47

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's extension at the wrist?

Answer 47

agonist: wrist flexor antagonist: wrist extensor

Question 48

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's flexion at the hip?

Answer 48

agonist: illiopsoas antagonist: gluteus maximus

Question 49

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's extension at the hip?

Answer 49

agonist: gluteus maximus antagonist: illiopsoas

Question 50

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's adduction at the hip?

Answer 50

agonist: adductor group

Question 51

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's abduction at the hip?

Answer 51

agonist: gluteus medius and minimus antagonist: adductor group

Question 52

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's medial rotation at the hip?

Answer 52

agonist: gluteus medius and minimus antagonist: gluteus maximus

Question 53

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's lateral rotation at the hip?

Answer 53

agonist: gluteus maximus antagonist: gluteus medius and minimus

Question 54

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's flexion at the knee?

Answer 54

agonist: biceps femoris antagonist: rectus femoris

Question 55

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's extension at the knee?

Answer 55

agonist: rectus femoris antagonist: biceps femoris

Question 56

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's plantar flexion at the ankle?

Answer 56

agonist: soleus and gastrocnemius antagonist: tibialis anterior

Question 57

What's the antagonist and agonist when there's dorsi flexion at the ankle?

Answer 57

agonist: tibialis anterior antagonist: soleus and gastrocnemius

Question 58

What is concentric contraction?

Answer 58

- shortening of the muscle - joint angle decreases - causes flexion

Question 59

What is eccentric contraction?

Answer 59

- lengthening of the muscle - joint angle increases - controls extension

Question 60

What is isometric contraction?

Answer 60

- no change in length - joint angle remains constant - stops flexion and extension