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A level PE > 1.1 Anatomy And Physiology > Flashcards

1.1 Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of articulating bones?

A

Where two or more bones come together to form a joint

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2
Q

What are the articulating bones at the shoulder?

A

Scapula and Humerus

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3
Q

What are the articulating bones at the elbow?

A

Humerus, Radius and Ulna

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4
Q

What are the articulating bones at the wrist?

A

Ulna, Radius and Carpals

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5
Q

What are the articulating bones at the hip?

A

Pelvis and Femur

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6
Q

What are the articulating bones at the knee?

A

Femur and Tibia

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7
Q

What are the articulating bones at the ankle?

A

Tibia and Talus

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8
Q

What is the definition of a joint?

A

Where bones come together to allow movement of the skeleton, includes connective tissue and cartilage

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9
Q

What is a ball and socket joint?

A
  • a ball shaped head of one bone articulate with a cup like socket of another
  • movement occurs on three planes
  • allows greatest range of movement
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10
Q

What is a hinge joint?

A
  • a cylindrical protrusion of one bone articulates with a trough-shaped depression on another
  • movement occurs on one plane
  • bending and straightening only
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11
Q

What is a condyloid joint?

A
  • similar to a ball and socket joint but flatter surfaces
  • movement occurs on two planes
  • allows second greatest range of movement
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12
Q

What is the joint type at the shoulder?

A

Ball and Socket Joint

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13
Q

What is the joint type at the elbow?

A

Hinge Joint

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14
Q

What is the joint type at the wrist?

A

Condyloid Joint

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15
Q

What is the joint type at the hip?

A

Ball and Socket Joint

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16
Q

What is the joint type at the knee?

A

Hinge Joint

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17
Q

What is the joint type at the ankle?

A

Hinge Joint

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18
Q

What is the definition of flexion?

A

A decrease in the angle that occurs around a joint

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19
Q

What is the definition of extension?

A

An Increase in the angle that occurs around a joint

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20
Q

What is the definition of plantar flexion?

A

Pointing of the ankle downwards away from the tibia

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21
Q

What is the definition of dorsi flexion?

A

Pointing of the ankle upwards towards the tibia

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22
Q

What is the definition of abduction?

A

A movement away from the midline of the body

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23
Q

What is the definition of adduction?

A

Movement towards the midline of the body

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24
Q

What is the definition of horizontal flexion?

A

Movement across the body towards the midline, parallel to the floor

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25
Q

What is the definition of horizontal extension?

A

Movement across the body away from the midline, parallel to the floor

26
Q

What is the definition of medial rotation?

A

Inward movement of a bone about its axis inwards

27
Q

What is the definition of lateral rotation?

A

Outward movement of a one about its axis outward

28
Q

What is circumduction?

A

Circular movement of a body part, its a combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

29
Q

What are the 3 planes of movement?

A

Transverse
Frontal
Sagittal

30
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A
  • rotation occurs around the longitudinal axis
  • eg, throwing a discus
  • horizontal flexion and extension
31
Q

What is the frontal plane?

A
  • divides the body into front and back
  • movements are towards or away from the midline of the body
  • adduction and abduction of the shoulder and hip
  • eg, cartwheel
32
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A
  • divides the body into left and right halves
  • flexion and extension
  • eg, knee joint when striking a football
33
Q

What is the definition of a agonist?

A

The muscle which is directly responsible for the movement of a joint

34
Q

What is the definition of an antagonist?

A

A muscle that has an action opposite to the agonist and helps in the production of coordinated movement

35
Q

What is the definition of a fixator?

A

A muscle which stabilises the origin of the agonist so that the agonist can pull against the bone

36
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s flexion at the shoulder?

A

agonist: anterior deltoid
antagonist: posterior deltoid

37
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s extension at the shoulder?

A

agonist: posterior deltoid
antagonist: anterior deltoid

38
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s abduction at the shoulder?

A

agonist: middle deltoid
antagonist: latissimus dorsi

39
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s adduction at the shoulder?

A

agonist: latissimus dorsi
antagonist: middle deltoid

40
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s horizontal flexion at the shoulder?

A

agonist: pectoralis major
antagonist: trapezius

41
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s horizontal extension at the shoulder?

A

agonist: trapezius
antagonist: pectoralis major

42
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s medial rotation at the shoulder?

A

agonist: infraspinatus
antagonist: teres major

43
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s lateral rotation at the shoulder?

A

agonist: teres major
antagonist: infraspinatus

44
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s flexion at the elbow?

A

agonist: biceps brachii
antagonist: triceps brachii

45
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s extension at the elbow?

A

agonist: triceps brachii
antagonist: biceps brachii

46
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s flexion at the wrist?

A

agonist: wrist extensor
antagonist: wrist flexor

47
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s extension at the wrist?

A

agonist: wrist flexor
antagonist: wrist extensor

48
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s flexion at the hip?

A

agonist: illiopsoas
antagonist: gluteus maximus

49
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s extension at the hip?

A

agonist: gluteus maximus
antagonist: illiopsoas

50
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s adduction at the hip?

A

agonist: adductor group

51
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s abduction at the hip?

A

agonist: gluteus medius and minimus
antagonist: adductor group

52
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s medial rotation at the hip?

A

agonist: gluteus medius and minimus
antagonist: gluteus maximus

53
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s lateral rotation at the hip?

A

agonist: gluteus maximus
antagonist: gluteus medius and minimus

54
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s flexion at the knee?

A

agonist: biceps femoris
antagonist: rectus femoris

55
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s extension at the knee?

A

agonist: rectus femoris
antagonist: biceps femoris

56
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s plantar flexion at the ankle?

A

agonist: soleus and gastrocnemius
antagonist: tibialis anterior

57
Q

What’s the antagonist and agonist when there’s dorsi flexion at the ankle?

A

agonist: tibialis anterior
antagonist: soleus and gastrocnemius

58
Q

What is concentric contraction?

A
  • shortening of the muscle
  • joint angle decreases
  • causes flexion
59
Q

What is eccentric contraction?

A
  • lengthening of the muscle
  • joint angle increases
  • controls extension
60
Q

What is isometric contraction?

A
  • no change in length
  • joint angle remains constant
  • stops flexion and extension

A level PE (2 decks)

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