11 Ag

Question 1

What is Ethylene?

Answer 1

Ripening of fruit release of dormancy stimulate shoot root growth stimulate leaf abscission

Question 2

What is Cytokinin’s

Answer 2

Cytokinin’s control major growth periods of the plant link to ethylene to control abscission flowers leaves fruits

Question 3

Stigma

Answer 3

Female part of flower top of pollen receptacle becomes style leads to ovary

Question 4

Pistil

Answer 4

Female collective parts of flower

Question 5

Anther/Filament

Answer 5

Pollen Produces Stamena

Question 6

Photosynthesis

Answer 6

6cO2 + 6H20-> C6 H12 06+ 6O2

Question 7

Structure Soil

Answer 7

Percentage Sand, Salt, Clay

Question 8

Nitrogen

Answer 8

Macro- Involved in cell function division, protein synthesis, photosynthesis transfer of energy

Question 9

Epigeal Germination

Answer 9

Cotyledons pushed above soil line until provide energy until photosynthesis takes over

Question 10

Heritability

Answer 10

P=G+E
30% Genetics
70% Environment typically

Question 11

Sperm Morphology

Answer 11

Motility
LDR
Misshapen Numbers
Numbers

Question 12

Protein

Answer 12

Crude
NPN

Question 13

Trumpeter

Answer 13

Gonadotrophin release controlled by Hypothalamus

Question 14

Protien Digestion

Answer 14

When protein is digested it is broken down into peptides (short chains amino acids) which then becomes NH4+ and NH3-

Question 15

Two Types of protein

Answer 15

Crude and NPN

Question 16

Crude Protein (CP)

Answer 16

Protein that needs to be broken down to a usable form

Question 17

NPN

Answer 17

Non-Protein Nitrogen

Question 18

Rumen Microbes

Answer 18

Major source of protein in a bovine’s diet break down CP and NPN to NH4+ NH3-

Question 19

Name the key player in rumination and protein digestion

Answer 19

The key is the microbial population in the rumen, including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi

Question 20

Explain the differences in the anatomy of a monogastric (to a ruminant)

Answer 20

Monogastric animals have one simple stomach for digestion, while ruminants have a complex four-part stomach that helps break down tough plant material through chewing cud and microbial fermentation.

Question 21

The rumen is a fermentation tank. explain the design/operation of this tank

Answer 21

The rumen, a large compartment, uses microbes to ferment and break down fibrous plant material, producing nutrients and gases.

Question 22

NaHC03

Answer 22

NaHCO₃, sodium bicarbonate, acts as a buffer in the rumen, neutralizing excess acids produced during fermentation to maintain a stable pH and healthy microbial environment.

Question 23

The “Bomb Calorimeter” what does this measure?

Answer 23

A bomb calorimeter measures the energy content of a substance by burning it in a high-oxygen environment and measuring the heat released during the combustion process.

Question 24

Calories/Kilograms

Answer 24

4.321=1 Kilojoule

Question 25

N-Fixation?

Answer 25

Nz gas fixed to an available form. Converted to NH3-

Question 26

Precipitation

Answer 26

Air 78% N, rain contains N

Question 27

Ammonification

Answer 27

N is present in the soil but in complex form/tied organic matter and compounds (chemical) And is decomposed by fungi and bacteria ‘Minerdises’ becomes NH4+

Question 28

Nitrification

Answer 28

NH4+ ions are oxidised (broken down) to Nitrate NO2- then to NO3- (nitrate)

Question 29

what bacteria (Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter responsible) for

Answer 29

Nitrification

Question 30

Denitrification

Answer 30

Waterlogged soils, N2 gas is used by bacteria in water and uses up oxygen to do this