11 Ag Flashcards
What is Ethylene?
Ripening of fruit release of dormancy stimulate shoot root growth stimulate leaf abscission
What is Cytokinin’s
Cytokinin’s control major growth periods of the plant link to ethylene to control abscission flowers leaves fruits
Stigma
Female part of flower top of pollen receptacle becomes style leads to ovary
Pistil
Female collective parts of flower
Anther/Filament
Pollen Produces Stamena
Photosynthesis
6cO2 + 6H20-> C6 H12 06+ 6O2
Structure Soil
Percentage Sand, Salt, Clay
Nitrogen
Macro- Involved in cell function division, protein synthesis, photosynthesis transfer of energy
Epigeal Germination
Cotyledons pushed above soil line until provide energy until photosynthesis takes over
Heritability
P=G+E
30% Genetics
70% Environment typically
Sperm Morphology
Motility
LDR
Misshapen Numbers
Numbers
Protein
Crude
NPN
Trumpeter
Gonadotrophin release controlled by Hypothalamus
Protien Digestion
When protein is digested it is broken down into peptides (short chains amino acids) which then becomes NH4+ and NH3-
Two Types of protein
Crude and NPN
Crude Protein (CP)
Protein that needs to be broken down to a usable form
NPN
Non-Protein Nitrogen
Rumen Microbes
Major source of protein in a bovine’s diet break down CP and NPN to NH4+ NH3-
Name the key player in rumination and protein digestion
The key is the microbial population in the rumen, including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi
Explain the differences in the anatomy of a monogastric (to a ruminant)
Monogastric animals have one simple stomach for digestion, while ruminants have a complex four-part stomach that helps break down tough plant material through chewing cud and microbial fermentation.
The rumen is a fermentation tank. explain the design/operation of this tank
The rumen, a large compartment, uses microbes to ferment and break down fibrous plant material, producing nutrients and gases.
NaHC03
NaHCO₃, sodium bicarbonate, acts as a buffer in the rumen, neutralizing excess acids produced during fermentation to maintain a stable pH and healthy microbial environment.
The “Bomb Calorimeter” what does this measure?
A bomb calorimeter measures the energy content of a substance by burning it in a high-oxygen environment and measuring the heat released during the combustion process.
Calories/Kilograms
4.321=1 Kilojoule
N-Fixation?
Nz gas fixed to an available form. Converted to NH3-
Precipitation
Air 78% N, rain contains N
Ammonification
N is present in the soil but in complex form/tied organic matter and compounds (chemical) And is decomposed by fungi and bacteria ‘Minerdises’ becomes NH4+
Nitrification
NH4+ ions are oxidised (broken down) to Nitrate NO2- then to NO3- (nitrate)
what bacteria (Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter responsible) for
Nitrification
Denitrification
Waterlogged soils, N2 gas is used by bacteria in water and uses up oxygen to do this
