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Myology > 1.1 > Flashcards

1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms forward, joints extended, and thumbs pointed away from the body

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2
Q

Axial

A

Head, Neck, Trunk (core)

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3
Q

Appendicular

A

appendages or limbs
upper extremities
Lower extremities

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4
Q

Saggital

A

Divides body into left and right regions

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5
Q

Mid-saggital

A

Divides body into equal left and right regions

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6
Q

Frontal or Coronal Plane

A

Divides body into Anterior (front) and Posterior (back)

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7
Q

Transverse or Horizontal

A

Divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) regions

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8
Q

Parisaggital Plane

A

Divides body into unequal left and right regions

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9
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

Toward the head

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10
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Away from the head

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11
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Toward the front of the body

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12
Q

Posterior (Dorsal)

A

Toward the back of the body

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13
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

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14
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

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15
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the trunk (core)

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16
Q

Distal

A

Farther away from trunk (core)

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17
Q

Superficial

A

Towards the skin surface

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18
Q

Deep

A

Away from the skin surface

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19
Q

Prone

A

Face Down

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20
Q

Supine

A

Face up

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21
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side

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22
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite sides

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23
Q

Extension

A

Motion that increase an angle of a joint pushing the body part away from the body (open fist)

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24
Q

Flexion

A

bending motion that decreases the angle eturning the body part to the body (closed fist)

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25
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline

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26
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline

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27
Q

Medial Rotation

A

Rotation movement toward the midline

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28
Q

Lateral Rotation

A

Rotation movement away from the midline

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29
Q

Rotation

A

Occurs only in the spine on transverse plane. Turning the spinal column

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30
Q

Circumduction

A

circular movement at a ball and socket joint (shoulder)

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31
Q

Lateral Flexion

A

the movement of a body part in the lateral direction, sidewards. The lateral flexion concerns mainly torso or neck and can be performed either to the right or to the left side

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32
Q

Supination

A

Turning the palm up or forward

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33
Q

Pronation

A

Turning the palm down or backward

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34
Q

Opposition

A

thumb is rotated around its long axis. only the thumbs can perform opposition

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35
Q

Inversion

A

Turning inward in reference to the foot

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36
Q

Eversion

A

Turning outward in reference to the foot

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37
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

Bending the foot so the toes point downward

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38
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bending the foot upward to the ankle

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39
Q

Protraction

A

the act of moving an anatomical part forward

ex: your jaw

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40
Q

Retraction

A

the act of drawing back, or condition of being drawn back

Ex: your jaw

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41
Q

Elevation

A

Upward movement of a limb or body part

42
Q

Depression

A

Downward movement of limb or body part (opening mouth)

43
Q

Deviation

A

Moving side to Side

Ex: Mandible

44
Q

Costal

A

Ribs

45
Q

Composed of bone, cartilage and ligaments
Protects and supports body organs
Provides framework for muscles
site of blood cell formation and stores minerals

A

Skeletal system

46
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline (end of joints and nose)
Elastic (ears and epiglottis)
Fibro (spinal discs, knees, and pubic symphysis)

47
Q

Bones of the skull, vertebral column, hyoid, and ribcage

Consists of 80 bones

A

Axial skeleton

48
Q

Bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder, and hips

Consists of 128 bones

A

Appendicular Skeleton

49
Q

3 functional classes of joints

A

Synarthroses (immovable)
Amphiarthroses (slightly movable)
Diarthroses (freely movable)

50
Q

Functional Joint

A

based on the amount of movement allowed by the joint

51
Q

Structural joint

A

material binding bones together and whether or not a joint cavity is present

52
Q

3 structural classes of joints

A

fibrous (suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis)
cartilaginous (synchondroses, symphyses)
Synovial (Diarthrotic joint)

53
Q

Composed of muscle and tendon
allows manipulation of environment, locomotion and facial expression
maintains posture, produces heat

A

Muscular system

54
Q

Name a Gliding joint

A

Carpals, tarsals, costal ribs, facet joint

55
Q

Name a hinge (ginglymus) joint

A

elbow, phalanges, knee, interphalangial joint, temporomandibular joint (TMJ joint)

56
Q

Name a pivot (trochoid) joint

A

forearm between radius an ulna, between C1+C2

57
Q

Name a Condyloid (ellipsoid) joint

A

knuckles and wrist

58
Q

Name a saddle (seller) joint

A

thumb

59
Q

Name a ball and socket joint

A

Shoulder and hip

60
Q

composed of heart and blood vessels
heart pumps blood
Vessels (arteries and veins) transport blood
closed system

A

Cardiovascular system

61
Q

composed of brain spinal cord and nerves
Control system of the body
responds to stimuli by activating muscle and glands

A

Nervous system

62
Q

3 nervous system functions

A

sensory input - monitoring stimuli
integration - interpretation of input
motor output - response to stimuli by activating organ response

63
Q

name 2 parts of the central nervous system

A

Brain, spinal column

64
Q

Carries message to and from spinal cord to the brain

A

peripheral nervous system

65
Q

Composed of red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
picks up fluid leaked and returns it to blood
dispose of debris in lymphatic system
houses white blood cells
open system

A

Lymphatic system

66
Q

Ball-and-Socket joint

A

a spherical surface bone fits into a dish shaped depression of another bone

67
Q

Ellipsoid joint

A

oval shaped end of one bone articulating with an elliptical basin of another bone.

68
Q

Hinge joint

A

similar to a door hinge

69
Q

Saddle joint

A

modifies ellipsoid joint composed of a convex and concave articulating surfaces

70
Q

gliding joint

A

two flat surfaces, with small shifting movement like the carpal bones

71
Q

Pivot joint

A

designed to allow one bone to rotate around the surface of another bone

72
Q

What are the 3 planes of movement and what is their actions

A

Saggital (Flexion and extension)
Frontal or coronal (Adduction and abduction)
Transverse or horizontal (Rotation)

73
Q

what is the opposite of cranial

A

Caudal

74
Q

What is the opposite of Caudal

A

Cranial

75
Q

What is the opposite of Dorsal

A

Ventral

76
Q

What is the opposite of ventral

A

Dorsal

77
Q

What is the opposite of distal

A

Proximal

78
Q

What is the opposite of proximal

A

Distal

79
Q

What is the opposite of medial

A

Lateral

80
Q

What is the opposite of lateral

A

Medial

81
Q

Name all the bones that make up the upper extremity

A

clavicle, humerous, radius, ulna, scapula, carpal, metacarpal, and phalanges

82
Q

Name all the bones that make the lower extremity

A

pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.

83
Q

What position are your joints in while your in the anatomical position

A

Extension

84
Q

What position are your joints in in the fetal position

A

Flexion

85
Q

Name 3 functional joints

A

synarthrotic
Diarthrotic
Amphiarthrotic

86
Q

Name 3 structural joints

A

synovial
fibrous
cartilaginous

87
Q

Name all 6 synovial joints

A 
Ball & socket
hinge (ginglymus)
ellipsoid (condyloid)
gliding (plane)
pivot (trochoid)
saddle (seller)
88
Q

Name 2 spots you would find elastic cartilage

A

Ears & Epiglottis

89
Q

What bones are in the axial skeleton

A

skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, and hyoid bone

90
Q

what are the bones in the appendicular skeleton

A

clavicle, scapula, humerous, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.
Pelvis (hips), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

91
Q

What joint type is the most abundant in the body

A

Gliding joint

92
Q

What is another name for the gliding joint

A

Plane

93
Q

What is another name for a hinge joint

A

Ginglymus

94
Q

What is another name for a pivot joint

A

Trochoid

95
Q

What is another name for an ellipsoid joint

A

Condyloid

96
Q

What is another name for a saddle joint

A

Seller

97
Q

What plane does rotation happen

A

Transverse Plane

98
Q

What plane does Flexion and Extension correlate with

A

Saggital plane

99
Q

what plane correlates with with Abduction and Adduction

A

frontal (coronal) Plane

100
Q

Fascia

A

Band or sheet of connective tissue

Myology (2 decks)

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