11 Flashcards
cell cycle
consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytoplasmic division
interphase
DNA is replicated. Consists of G1, S, G2
G1; S; G2
G1- The first interval (or gap) of cell growth
S - Synthesis (DNA replication) so that the cell can divide
G2- The second interval (or gap) when the cell makes proteins that will drive nuclear and cytoplasmic (cellular) divisions
mitosis
Nuclear division mechanism that maintains chromosome number
Cytokinesis
When the cytoplasm divides, the new nuclei produced by mitosis are packaged into separate cells
Occurs at the end of mitosis
Homologous chromosomes
Chromosomes with the same length, shape, and set of genes
Prophase
Duplicated chromosomes become visible.
The nuclear envelope breaks up.
Metaphase
Chromosomes are aligned midway between poles of a “mitotic spindle”
Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite spindle poles along the spindle fibers.
Each sister chromatid is now an individual, unduplicated chromosome (daughter chromosome).
Telophase
Chromosomes reach the spindle poles and decondense
Nuclear envelopes form around chromosomes, mitosis ends
oncogene
tumor-mutated gene
Metastasis
The process in which malignant cells migrate and establish neoplasms elsewhere in the body
Basal cell carcinoma
most common type of skin cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
the second most common form of skin cancer
Melanoma
most lethal form of skin cancer
