11

Question 1

What are the top 5 global disturbances

Answer 1

Land-use change - Climate change - CO2 enrichment - Nitrogen deposition - Biotic invasion
All resulting in a synergistic effects

Question 2

What are the two main view points In restoration

Answer 2

Restoration ecology stand point (General understanding of ecological systems)
Science driven restoration (Take each ecological system as a separate system (Case by case)

Question 3

How has the view of restoration changed over time

Answer 3

Nature for itself -> Nature despite people -> Nature for people -> Nature and people

Question 4

What are the 3 main states of Degredation by weeds/grazing/nutrient enrichment

Answer 4

Reference state (Few weeds, High diversity)
Degraded state (Mid weeds, Mid diversity)
High degraded state (High weeds, Low diversity)

Question 5

What is secondary salinity

Answer 5

When lots of shrubs/tree/plants are removed from an area rasing the water level, bring salt levels up with them . this is irreversible

Question 6

What are some restoration options for woodlands effected by secondary salinity

Answer 6

Prevention is the best cure.
Engineering solutions (Draining salinity water away from wood lands)
Large-scale tree planting at an 80% area to be filled
Last 2 work best together

Question 7

How can biodiversity during replanting projects work best for the environment

Answer 7

Planting a mix of local plant species is the best option to maintain biodiversity and to reabsorb carbon back into the trees.

Question 8

What are some important abiotic factors for jarrah forest restoration

Answer 8

If there is a high availability of Phosphorus weeds typically grow well and inhibit growth of native species

Question 9

What is the best top soil to use during restoration

Answer 9

Fresh top soil to maintain a high micro biodiversity

Question 10

What is the easiest way to understand ecology

Answer 10

Interactions -> Define the environment (Physical/Chemical/Biological) -> Change one part of the environment -> Define parts of the environment (Biological = species/populations/communities/Food webs)
This all = ecosystems

Question 11

What are the 2 main determinants of wetlands

Answer 11

Climate

Geomorphology

Question 12

What are the 4 main things in water regime (Hydrology)

Answer 12

Timing - Frequency - Duration - Variability

Question 13

What happens with increased turbidity within a water ecosystem

Answer 13

Increased turbidity reduced amount of light to deeper waters, resulting in the death of deeper plants.
Once the sediment sinks to the bottom, algle blooms will most likely follow, in an endless cycle, unlessed stopped

Question 14

What are the 2 main food chains in wetlands

P=Photosynthesis) (R=Respiration

Answer 14

Autotrophic = P>R = Production dominant (Food/Energy produced by plants) Grazing food chain (Soft plants)
Heterotrophic = P

Question 15

Describe out large material falling into a wetland is broken down

Answer 15

Starts as Coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) -> Shredders (Invertebrates) -> Fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) -> Collectors (Filter feeders) -> Dissolved organic matter (DOM) -> Bacteria eat this