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Intro To Computer Science > 1.1 > Flashcards

1.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Abstraction

A

Procedural abstraction gives a name to a procedure. People can then use the procedure without worrying about the finer grain details.

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2
Q

Adaptive technology

A

Adaptive technology helps increases or maintains the capabilities of a person with a disability.

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3
Q

Analog

A

Analog information has continues values instead of jumping from value to another value without without passing through the value in between. Most physical information such as position wind speed, light intensity, or sound pressure, is analog

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4
Q

Arguments

A

The values that a program provides to a function.

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5
Q

Authentication

A

When two parties exchange information so that they trust that each other is who they say they are.

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6
Q

Backlog

A

A prioritized list of features or user stories to add to a program.

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7
Q

Binary

A

Binary information is written using only two values: zero and one. Everything can be approximately represented using a binary representation.

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8
Q

Boolean expression

A

A Boolean expression is either True or False. Boolean operators include “and,” “or,” and “not.”

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9
Q

Character

A

Any single typeset unit, including uppercase and lowercase letters, digits, punctuation marks, international characters like letters with accent marks, and special characters like tabs and carriage returns

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10
Q

Components

A

Parts of an interface

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11
Q

Concatenate

A

To tack together two strings of characters, making one longer string

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12
Q

Computational Thinking

A

Habits that help people solve problems with computers. Computational thinking habits cause a person who is facing a problem to ask how computers could help them be more creative, to communicate, to collaborate, to use data or the Internet, or to use crowdsourcing or simulation, to solve a problem.

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13
Q

Decomposition

A

A problem solving strategy of breaking a problem apart into smaller subproblems

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14
Q

Default

A

A default value is a value that a variable will have if no action is taken by the user

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15
Q

Digital

A

Digital information has discrete values with gaps between the values. Digital information can be exactly represented using a binary representation. Digital information can be duplicated exactly, without loss in quality. Digital information can be transmitted error-free.

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16
Q

Digital Divide

A

The contrast between two groups’ access to computing resources and the Internet on the basis of race, wealth, or national boundaries

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17
Q

Economic Impact

A

Economic impacts of computing include changes in the numbers types, and wages of jobs, and changes in the amount, type, and cost of services, goods, and materials produced

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18
Q

Evaluate

A

To determine the result of an expression

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19
Q

Event

A

An action that triggers an event handler to be executed, such as user input or a timer’s alarm

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20
Q

Event handler

A

A part of a program that runs when an event occurs

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21
Q

Global variable

A

A variable that can be used anywhere in a program, unlike a local variable, which can only be used in one portion of a program. In App Inventor, procedures, event handlers, and for loops can create a local variable that can only be used inside that procedure, event handler, or for loop.

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22
Q

Input

A

Information provided to the computer from a person or from another computer, through input devices such as the keyboard, mouse, or touch screen

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23
Q

Interface

A

The way a human interacts with a computer through the input and output

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24
Q

Modeling and simulation

A

A model is a simplified description of some object or phenomenon. A simulation is a computer-executed version, often predicting how an initial state will evolve over time.

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25
Q

Output

A

Information sent by the computer to a person or to another computer, through output devices such as a display or printer, speaker, or motor

26
Q

Parameters

A

Variables that can be used inside a procedure. The variables are initialized with arguments’ values when the procedure is called.

27
Q

Processor

A

The component of a computer that follows instructions

28
Q

Professional Greeting

A

A standardized procedure that professionals use when they meet or begin work together

29
Q

Property

A

A variable that stores information about an object

30
Q

Social impacts

A

Social impacts of computing include changes in how people communicate with each other and in how groups of people form and function, including circles of friends and structures of government

31
Q

Sprint task list

A

A list of small steps to accomplish, breaking down a user story from the backlog

32
Q

String

A

A sequence of characters

33
Q

Team Norms

A

Team norms are agreements among all team members. Team norms typically spell out that all team members will provide input and provide protocols for communication, work together, and conflict resolution.

34
Q

Variable

A

A place in memory to store a value

35
Q

Voltage

A

Voltage is the energy difference per electron between two locations. The energy can be converted to kinetic energy when electrons fall from low voltage to high voltage.

36
Q

Creative expression

A

Computing helps people create sound, movies, 2D media such as screen images or paper art, 3D media including computer-controlled subtractive art (milling) or additive art (3D printing), user interface design, user experience design

37
Q

Data Collection and Analysis

A

Data can be generated by sensors like thermometers, cameras, microphones, and keyboards and collected in storage. Data analysis uses creative ways to see patterns in data and using mathematics to describe those patterns.

38
Q

Abstraction

A

Making something more general by losing some detail or making unnecessary to worry about the detail. For example, procedures make it unnecessary to worry about the details of how the procedure gets the job done.

39
Q

Backlog

A

A prioritized list of features or user stories to add to a program

40
Q

Call

A

When a procedure or function is called, the program executes the procedure or function next

41
Q

Developer

A

Person who writes computer code to create technology tools

42
Q

Function

A

A sequence of instructions that returns a value and can be called from other parts of a program

43
Q

Groom the backlog

A

Prioritize a list of items that are on a task list so that the items intended to be accomplished next are in the top slots on the list

44
Q

Internet

A

The network of computer networks which communicate through common protocols for accessing information contained inside the computers. The Internet contains the World Wide Web.

45
Q

Local variable

A

A variable that can only be accessed from a specific portion of a program

46
Q

Modular

A

Pieces that are well defined with no dependencies on other pieces

47
Q

Parameter

A

The local variables created when a function or procedure is called. Parameters are initialized to the values of the arguments provided when the procedure or function was called.

48
Q

Pass

A

We describe arguments as being “passed” to a procedure; the arguments’ values are assigned to the procedure’s parameters

49
Q

Problem Decomposition

A

Breaking a problem apart into smaller pieces

50
Q

Procedure

A

A sequence of instructions. The entire sequence is given a name to refer to the procedure from other parts of the program. Similar to a function in programming, but doesn’t have to return a value.

51
Q

Return Value

A

Any value that a method or function gives back to the statement command from which the function or method is called

52
Q

Reverse engineering

A

Taking a finished product and figuring out how it works

53
Q

Scope

A

The portion of a program that knows about a variable. In App Inventor, variables are either global (known by the blocks in a screen) or local (known by the blocks in a procedure or for loop.

54
Q

Sprint task list

A

A list of small steps to accomplish, breaking down a user story from the backlog

55
Q

Subdomain

A

A domain name under the control of a higher-level domain name. For example, pltw.org is a subdomain of .org.

56
Q

Test user

A

Person who participates in a usability study

57
Q

Top-level domain

A

The portion of a domain name that follows the last period. Examples include .com or .org

58
Q

URL

A

Abbreviation for Uniform Resource Locator. URL is one type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI); the generic term for all types of names and addresses that refer to objects on the web. A URL that uses the HTTP / HTTPS protocol is usually referred to as a web address.

59
Q

Usability study

A

Observation of users interacting with a program to determine the program’s strengths and weaknesses for the purposes of improving the ease of use and usefulness of the program

60
Q

Value

A

A value is a particular piece of data such as a number or a string

61
Q

Web

A

The World Wide Web, or just “the web,” is a subset of the Internet. The web consists of pages that can be accessed using a web browser.

Intro To Computer Science (1 decks)

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