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English 3AP > 11/19 Test > Flashcards

11/19 Test Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
0
Q

Wit

A

(noun) intellectually amusing man gag that surprises and delights

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1
Q

Synesthesia

A

(noun) when one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another

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2
Q

Infantile

A

(adj.) childish

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3
Q

Acquit

A

(verb) judgment that a person is not guilty of the crime with which the person has been charged

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4
Q

Squalid

A

(adj.) extremely dirty and unpleasant, especially as a result of poverty or neglect

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5
Q

Formidable

A

(adj.) inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large, powerful, intense, or capable

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6
Q

Turbulent

A

(adj.) characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not controlled or calm

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7
Q

Fluctuation

A

(noun) an irregular rising and falling in number or amount; a variation

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8
Q

Subsequent

A

(adverb) coming after something in time; following

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9
Q

Metonymy

A

(noun) figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it

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10
Q

Periodic Sentence

A

(noun) present its central meaning in a main clause at the end * opposite of loose sentence

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11
Q

Syllogism

A

(noun) three part deductive argument, consisting of a major premise, minor premise, and a conclusion

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12
Q

Synecdoche

A

(noun) figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole or vice versa

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13
Q

Listless

A

(adj.) lacking the energy to do something

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14
Q

Sedentary

A

(adj.) lacking physical activity

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15
Q

Ponderous

A

(adj.) heavy, slow, serious

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16
Q

Prosaic

A

(adj.) unimaginative, matter-of-fact

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17
Q

Metaphor

A

(noun) figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things without the use of comparison words

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18
Q

Implied Metaphor

A

(noun) does not state explicitly the two terms of the comparison

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19
Q

Dead Metaphor

A

(noun) an overused metaphor that is no longer vivid

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20
Q

Local Color

A

(noun) term applied to fiction or poetry which tends to place special emphasis on a particular setting, including its customs, clothing, dialect, and landscape

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21
Q

Dilettante

A

(noun) an amateur without serious intentions or knowledge

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22
Q

Facile

A

(adj.) done or achieved easily

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23
Q

Plausible

A

(adj.) apparently reasonable or valid

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24
Q

Torpor

A

(noun) state of inactivity

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25
Q

Indolent

A

(adj.) not inclined to physical activity or difficult work, lazy

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26
Q

Atrophy

A

(verb) to waste away through lack of use

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27
Q

Epistrophe

A

(noun) device of repetition in which the same expression is repeated at the end of two or more lines * opposite of anaphora

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28
Q

Semantics

A

(noun) branch of linguistics that studies words and their meanings, developments, connotations, and relation to one another

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30
Q

Lucid

A

(adj.) expressed clearly, easy to understand

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31
Q

Conception

A

(noun) the ability to understand or form a thought

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32
Q

Cogent

A

(adj.) convincing, persuasive

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33
Q

Adroit

A

(adj.) skillful, adept

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34
Q

Wily

A

(adj.) skilled in the art of deception

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35
Q

Pragmatic

A

(adj.) concerned with practical matters

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36
Q

Absolutes

A

(noun) adverbial clause that has a non-finite verb or no verb at all

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37
Q

Florid

A

(adj.) elaborately or excessively decorated

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38
Q

Gilded

A

(adj.) given a deceptively attractive appearance

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39
Q

Sumptuous

A

(adj.) of a size of quality that suggests great expense

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40
Q

Dilatory

A

(adj.) tending to postpone or delay something

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41
Q

Apathy

A

(noun) a lack of emotion of feeling

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42
Q

Prose

A

(noun) used in non/fiction in which the printer determines the length of the line * often found in poetry

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43
Q

Opulent

A

(adj.) deluxe; rich and superior

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44
Q

Ostentatious

A

(adj.) intended to attract notice and impress others

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45
Q

Aesthetic

A

(adj.) having to do with beauty

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46
Q

Austere

A

(adj.) having no adornment, bare

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47
Q

Atmosphere

A

(noun) emotional mood created by the entirety of the literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author’s choice of objects that are described

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48
Q

Diacope

A

(noun) repetition of a word/phrase after an intervening word/phrase * word/phrase, …, word/phrase

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49
Q

Hypophora, Antipophora

A

(noun) where author asks a question and then answers it

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50
Q

Litotes

A

(noun) figure of speech which employs an understatement by using double negatives

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51
Q

Despotic

A

(adj.) absolute ruler, tyrannical

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52
Q

Hypocrisy

A

(noun) proclaim beliefs, feelings, or virtues that one does not hold

53
Q

Reprehensible

A

(adj.) deserving of criticism; blameworthy; malicious

54
Q

Egregious

A

(adj.) bad or offensive; almost lewd

55
Q

Testimony

A

(noun) evidence or proof provided by the existence of appearance of something

56
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

(noun) process of reasoning using strong premises/claims to reach a logical conclusion * A=B & B=C, then A=C

57
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

(noun) reasoning that takes specific information and makes a broader generalization that is considered probable, allowing for the fact that the conclusion may not be accurate * A=B & B sometimes =C, then A may = C

58
Q

Euphemism

A

(noun) more agreeable of less offensives substitute for a generally unpleasant word of concept

59
Q

Extended Metaphor

A

(noun) metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work

60
Q

Homily

A

(noun) literally “sermon” but informally or a lecture involving moral or spiritual advice

61
Q

Perpetuate

A

(verb) make something (undesirable situation or unfounded belief) continue indefinitely

62
Q

Eclectic

A

(adj.) deriving ideas, style, or tastes from a broad and diverse range of sources

63
Q

Sentimental Appeals

A

(emotional fallacy) use emotion to distract the audience from the facts

64
Q

Red Herrings

A

(emotional fallacy) use misleading or unrelated evidence to support a conclusion * diversionary tactic

65
Q

Scare Tactics

A

(emotional fallacy) try to frighten people into agreeing with the arguer by threatening them or predicting unrealistically dire consequences

66
Q

Bandwagon Appeals, Ad Populum

A

(emotional fallacy) encourage an audience to agree with the writer because everyone else is doing so

67
Q

Slippery Slope

A

(emotional fallacy) arguments suggest that one thing will lead to another, oftentimes with disastrous results * if A, then Z; skips B-Y

68
Q

Either/Or Choices

A

(emotional fallacy) reduce complicated issues to only two possible courses of action

69
Q

False Need

A

(emotional fallacy) arguments create an unnecessary desire for things

70
Q

Genetic Arguments

A

(emotional fallacy) based on origin of a person, idea, institute,or theory to determine its character, nature, or worth

71
Q

False Authority

A

(ethical fallacy) asks audience to agree with the assertion of a writer based simply on his/her character or the authority of another person/institution who may not fully qualified to offer that assertion

72
Q

Using Authority Instead of Evidence

A

(ethical fallacy) occurs when someone offers personal authority as proof

73
Q

Guilt by Association

A

(ethical fallacy) call someone’s character into question by examining the character of that person’s associates

74
Q

Dogmatism

A

(ethical fallacy) shuts down discussion by asserting that the writer’s beliefs are the only acceptable ones

75
Q

Moral Equivalence

A

(ethical fallacy) compares minor problems with much more serious crimes, or vice versa

76
Q

Ad Hominem

A

(ethical fallacy) arguments attack a person’s character rather than that person’s reasoning

77
Q

Strawman

A

(ethical fallacy) arguments set up and often dismantle easily refutable arguments in order to misrepresent an opponent’s argument in order to defeat him/her

78
Q

A Hasty Generalization

A

(logical fallacy) draws conclusions from scanty evidence

79
Q

Faulty Casualty, Post Hoc, Causation Fallacy

A

(logical fallacy) arguments confuse chronology with causation: one event can occur after another without being caused by it * same time does not mean related events

80
Q

A Non Sequitur, “It Doesn’t Follow”

A

(logical fallacy) statement that does not logically relate to what comes before it; important logical step may be missing

81
Q

An Equivocation

A

(logical fallacy) half-truth; statement that is partially correct but that purposely obscures the entire truth

82
Q

Begging the Question, Circular Argument

A

(logical fallacy) occurs when a writer simply restates the claim in a different way

83
Q

A Faulty Analogy

A

(logical fallacy) an inaccurate, inappropriate, or misleading comparison between two things

84
Q

Stacked Evidence

A

(logical fallacy) represents only one side of the issue, thus distorting it

85
Q

Anecdote

A

(rhetorical) (evidence) brief story or tale told by a character in a piece of literature

86
Q

Oxymoron

A

(rhetorical) figure of speech that combines to apparently contradictory elements

87
Q

Allusion

A

(rhetorical) figure of speech which makes brief, even casual reference to a historical or literary figure, event, or object to create a resonance in the reader or to apply a symbolic meaning to the character or object of which the allusion consists

88
Q

Satire

A

(rhetorical) a literary style used to make fun of or ridicule an idea of human vice/weakness

89
Q

Parody

A

(rhetorical) satirical imitation of a work of art for purpose of ridiculing its style or subject

90
Q

Sarcasm

A

(rhetorical) a sharp caustic remark; form of verbal irony in which apparent praise is actually bitter or harshly critical

91
Q

Paradox

A

(rhetorical) statement that seems contradictory, but is actually true

92
Q

Epiphany

A

(rhetorical) sudden or intuitive insight or perception into the reality of essential meaning or something usually brought on by a simple or common occurrence or experience

93
Q

Onomatopoeia

A

(rhetorical) a word capturing or approximating the sound of what it describes

94
Q

Hyperbole

A

(rhetorical) overstatement characterized by exaggerated language

95
Q

Didactic

A

(rhetorical) intended for teaching or to teach a moral lesson

96
Q

Colloquial

A

(rhetorical) ordinary language; the vernacular

97
Q

Juxtaposition

A

(rhetorical) placing of two items side by side to create a certain effect, reveal an attitude, or accomplish some other purspose

98
Q

Parallelism

A

(rhetorical) grammatical/rhetorical framing of words/phrases/sentences/paragraphs to give structural simlilarity

99
Q

Anaphora

A

(rhetorical) regular repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases/clauses * opposite of epistrophe

100
Q

Imagery

A

(rhetorical) sensory details in a work; use of figurative language to evoke a feelings, call to mind an idea, or describe an object

101
Q

Allegory

A

(rhetorical) narrative form in which characters and actions have meanings outside themselves

102
Q

Analogy

A

(rhetorical) (evidence) comparison of two things that are alike in some respects

103
Q

Nostalgia

A

(rhetorical) desire to return in thought or fact to a former time

104
Q

Propaganda

A

(rhetorical) information or tumor deliberately spread to help or harm a person, group, or institution

105
Q

Motif

A

(rhetorical) recurrent device, formula, or situation that often serves as a signal for the appearance of a character or event

106
Q

Realism

A

(rhetorical) the literary practice of attempting to describe life and nature without idealization and with attention to detail

107
Q

Invective

A

(rhetorical) the use of angry and insulting language in satirical writing

108
Q

Persona

A

(rhetorical) the voice or figure of the author who tells and structures the story and who may (not) share the values of the actual author

109
Q

Connotation

A

(rhetorical) what is implied by a word

110
Q

Abstract

A

(rhetorical) an abbreviated synopsis of a longer work of scholarship or research

111
Q

Ambiguity

A

(rhetorical) multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage

112
Q

Alliteration

A

(rhetorical) repetition of sounds, especially initial consonants in two or more neighboring words; reinforce meaning, unify ideas, supply a musical sound

113
Q

Antecedent

A

(rhetorical) word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun

114
Q

Asyndeton

A

(rhetorical) consists of omitting conjunctions between word, phrases, or clauses

115
Q

Polysyndeton

A

(rhetorical) stylistic device in which several conjunctions are used in order to achieve an artistic effect

116
Q

Antithesis

A

(rhetorical) figure of balance in which two contrasting ideas are intentionally juxtaposed, usually through parallel structure; contrasting of opposing ideas in adjacent phrases, clauses, or sentences

117
Q

Factual Example

A

(evidence) example or statement presented as a reliable “fact” to support the author’s main idea, although there is no source offered to prove its truth

118
Q

Historical Fact

A

(evidence) historical example or event that is widely accepted as true

119
Q

Expert Testimony

A

(evidence) either a quotation, paraphrase, or summary from an individual person or professional agency with expertise/experience/knowledge of the topic

120
Q

Statistic

A

(evidence) evidence that cites specific numbers/percentages/dates; may (not) be a part of expert testimony

121
Q

Personal Experience

A

(evidence) story from the author’s personal history or observations

122
Q

Scientific Study, Experimental Results

A

(evidence) findings or results of a scientific experiment or study

123
Q

Hypothetical

A

(evidence) a story about what could happen in the future

124
Q

Interviews/Witness, Participant Testimony

A

(evidence) quotations or statements from individuals who were involved in the event or situation being written about

125
Q

Primary Sources

A

(evidence) documents from a particular time period that provide evidence of people’s viewpoints and actions during that time period * used only in history

126
Q

Commonly Held Assumption/Belief

A

(evidence) an inclusive statement presented about human nature or human behavior as if all readers would be in agreement with the author

127
Q

Author Opinion

A

(evidence) statement of the author’s personal beliefs without proof

128
Q

Appeals

A

Ethos (ethics, character); Pathos (passion, emotion); Logos (logic, facts)

English 3AP (3 decks)

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