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Question 1

Function of myoglobin

Answer 1

• PRIMARY: protein that stores and transports oxygen in muscles (i.e. heart and skeletal)
• provides oxygen for metabolic processes to convert/produce energy
• used in the conversion of nitric oxide to nitrate to enhance cellular respiration by mitochondria?
• Intercepts reactive oxygen species that produce unwanted metabolic products.

Question 2

Function of Hemoglobin

Answer 2

• Transports oxygen from the lungs to tissue
  -Arterial circulation
  -High affinity for oxygen(wants to take it on)
  -Low affinity for carbon dioxide, phosphates, hydrogen, and chloride ions
• Transports carbon dioxide from tissue to lungs
  -Venous circulation
  -High affinity for carbon dioxide, phosphates, hydrogen, and chloride ions
  -Low affinity for oxygen

Question 3

Iron structure

Answer 3

Either Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺

Ligands:
-Electron-rich species (nonmetal or polyatomic ions) (not really a chemical bond, but it is a
“coordination” or “donating” of electrons)

-“bind” (coordinate) to metal ion is there to stabilize charge and help to solubilize

-Contains six coordination sites (based on hybridization of the metal center)

-Forms stable octahedral complexes

Question 4

porphyrins

Answer 4

Heterocyclic macrocycles composed of four modified pyrrole subunits connected by carbon bridges
Highly conjugated aromatic compounds
Found in mammals, plants, and bacteria

Question 5

How do hemoglobin and myoglobin different?

Answer 5

the protein ______

Question 6

where is myoglobin found?

Answer 6

in the muscle

Question 7

Why can whales stay under water for a long time?

Answer 7

they have a lot of myoglobin that stores Oxygen in the muscle

Question 8

binds/releases oxygen based on

Answer 8

cellular oxygen concentrations

-desaturates upon muscle activation

-increases diffusion from capillaries to the cytoplasm

Oxygen goes down it releases oxygen so storages go down. When oxygen is high there is no need to use it so the body stores it

Question 9

what is a situation that the body would need immediate release of oxygen?

Answer 9

exercising

Question 10

When we have high oxygen radicals , myoglobin intercepts them and converts them into what?

Answer 10

something that won’t be dangerous to us

Question 11

which iron state is active?

Answer 11

ferrous, Fe²⁺

Question 12

what is hybridization?

Question 13

what is the second portion that is required to make the Heme do what it is supposed to do?

Answer 13

Porphyrins

Question 14

what does macro mean?

Answer 14

> 10 atoms

Question 15

when you have a double bond occur every other atoms that does that mean?

Answer 15

conjugation: can move electrons around the entire structure
Electron rich

Question 16

what process relies on conjugation?

Answer 16

vision

Question 17

chlorophyll is the plant version of

Answer 17

heme. it is the porphyrin ring in plants

Question 18

what is protophorphyrin IX

Question 19

unbound inactive protein is called a

Answer 19

apoprotein

Question 20

when is an apoprotein activated?

Answer 20

when it coordinates to the heme. This makes the heme become soluble and the apoprotein gives it the function of what it is supposed to do

Question 21

which site does histamine 8 bind to on the

Answer 21

site 5

Question 22

what is the 6th group that will bind to the iron center?

Answer 22

oxygen or whatever it will carry

Question 23

what kind of structure is this?

Answer 23

myoglobin: tertiary structure

Question 24

how many subunits are on hemoglobin?

Answer 24

4

Question 25

what is in the center of each subunit?

Answer 25

a heme

Question 26

what structure is this?

Answer 26

Hemoglobin: quaternary

Question 27

fetal hbg is different and the body will continue to produce fetal hbg until what age?

Answer 27

6months.

Question 28

what is the difference between fetal and adult hbg?

Answer 28

fetal has a higher affinity for oxygen

Question 29

as we bind to oxygen to hemoglobin it changes the structure enough that it does what?

Answer 29

increases the affinity for oxygen on the other

Question 30

how does oxygen change the configuration of heme?

Answer 30

it pulls it up in the center to make it more planar

**Picture

Question 31

what all can bind to Fe on hemaglobin?

Answer 31

oxygen
carbon monoxide
cyanide

Question 32

where does CO2 bind on the hemaglobin?

Answer 32

the protein

Question 33

heme has a ____ to it

Answer 33

color
absorb light that corresponds to the color that we see