11-19 Flashcards
Piaget’s scheme of cognitive development
Adolscents undergo a transformation through their interactions with the world
Personal Fable
A believe that leads to an adolscent believing that they are special
Anorexia
Intense fear of gaining weight (not eating)
Bulimia
Recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging ( overeating)
Dual systems model
The social emotional system becomes less reactive and the cognitive( prefrontal) control system becomes stronger and more efficient changes lead to an increase in risk taking.
Post conventional moral reasoning
moral principles that value respect for individuals right above all else. ( May think about breaking the law when human life is at stake)
Alcohol dependence
An alcoholic
binge drinking
5+ in one setting for men and 4+ for women
Post formal reasoning: Dualistic thinking
Right or wrong with no in between
Post formal reasoning: Relativistic thinking
Understanding that there is not always a right and wrong that there is a grey area
Post formal reasoning: Reflective judgement
Carefully evaluates all of the options then chooses the most adequate.
Flynn Effect
An average increase of 2.3 iQ points occur each decade
Crystallized Intelligence
Stored knowledge, accumalated over the years. ( facts, skills, dates in history acquired throughout life.)
Fluid intelligence
Ability to process new information, learn and solve problems
Alzheimer’s
A neurodegenerative disorder, progresses in mild - moderate cognitive declines such as personality, behavior changes, motor problems, dementia, and death
Vascular Dementia
The 2nd most common form of dementia causes strokes\blockages of blood vessels in the brain
2 main components of Alzheimer
Amyloid plaques:
Large masses that are cause by accumulating beta-amyloid joining with clumps of
dead neurons and glial cells.
. Neurofibrillary tangles: Twisted bundles of threads of
a protein called tau that occur when neurons collapse.
Parkinson’s disease
occurs when neurons in a part of the brain
called the substantia nigra die ( first damages the subcortical parts of the brain cause progressive loss of motor control.)
Lewy body dementia:
second most common form of dementia; causes visual hallucinations and sleep disorders.
Personality – Relatively stable
Big 5 personality traits: Openness, conscientiousness,
extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
Generativity Versus Stagnation:
a concern and sense of responsibility for future generations
and society as a whole.
Cataract:
: a clouding of lens resulting in blurred, foggy vision.
Macular degeneration:
A substantial loss of cells in the center area of the retina, causing blurring and eventual loss of central vision.
Cognitive reserve:
The ability to make flexible and efficient use of available brain resources to promote cognitive efficiency, flexibility, and adaptability. ( an example would be Bilingualism )
Nursing homes
Nursing homes may be restrictive of adults’ autonomy.
Factors influencing Retirement:
Poor health and visual and hearing impairments, personal preferences etc.
Socioemotional selectivity theory
The functions of social interactions change with
age and psychological and cognitive development.
Continuity theory:
Successful aging entails not simply remaining active but maintain a sense of consistency in self across their past into their future.
Activity theory
: Declines in social interaction are not a result of adults’ desires, but are instead a function of social barriers to engagement.
Disengagement theory
: A commonly held, incorrect belief, states that older adults
are thought to disengage from society as they anticipate death
Osteoporosis
A disorder characterized by severe bone loss resulting in brittle and easily fractured bones.
Osteoarthritis:
The most common type of arthritis; affects the joints that we mostuse, like the hips, knees, lower back, and hands.
Rheumatoid arthritis
An autoimmune illness in which connective tissues become
inflamed and stiff.
Secular trend
The lowering of the average age of puberty with each generation from prehistoric to the present times. (3-4 months per decade)
Subjective age:
refers to how old one feels and is an important aspect of self.
Examples of Age discrimination:
Not hiring due to age, reducing, or denying certain
benefits, being mocked, ridiculed,
Ego integrity vs. despair
The last stage in Erikson’s psychosocial theory; older adults
find a sense of coherence in life experiences and ultimately conclude that their lives are meaningful/valuable. When one develops despair over integrity, they focus on
tragedy and believe that their life is meaningless/disappointing.