11-19

Question 1

Piaget’s scheme of cognitive development

Answer 1

Adolscents undergo a transformation through their interactions with the world

Question 2

Personal Fable

Answer 2

A believe that leads to an adolscent believing that they are special

Question 3

Anorexia

Answer 3

Intense fear of gaining weight (not eating)

Question 4

Bulimia

Answer 4

Recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging ( overeating)

Question 5

Dual systems model

Answer 5

The social emotional system becomes less reactive and the cognitive( prefrontal) control system becomes stronger and more efficient changes lead to an increase in risk taking.

Question 6

Post conventional moral reasoning

Answer 6

moral principles that value respect for individuals right above all else. ( May think about breaking the law when human life is at stake)

Question 7

Alcohol dependence

Answer 7

An alcoholic

Question 8

binge drinking

Answer 8

5+ in one setting for men and 4+ for women

Question 9

Post formal reasoning: Dualistic thinking

Answer 9

Right or wrong with no in between

Question 10

Post formal reasoning: Relativistic thinking

Answer 10

Understanding that there is not always a right and wrong that there is a grey area

Question 11

Post formal reasoning: Reflective judgement

Answer 11

Carefully evaluates all of the options then chooses the most adequate.

Question 12

Flynn Effect

Answer 12

An average increase of 2.3 iQ points occur each decade

Question 13

Crystallized Intelligence

Answer 13

Stored knowledge, accumalated over the years. ( facts, skills, dates in history acquired throughout life.)

Question 14

Fluid intelligence

Answer 14

Ability to process new information, learn and solve problems

Question 15

Alzheimer’s

Answer 15

A neurodegenerative disorder, progresses in mild - moderate cognitive declines such as personality, behavior changes, motor problems, dementia, and death

Question 16

Vascular Dementia

Answer 16

The 2nd most common form of dementia causes strokes\blockages of blood vessels in the brain

Question 17

2 main components of Alzheimer

Answer 17

Amyloid plaques:
Large masses that are cause by accumulating beta-amyloid joining with clumps of
dead neurons and glial cells.
. Neurofibrillary tangles: Twisted bundles of threads of
a protein called tau that occur when neurons collapse.

Question 18

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 18

occurs when neurons in a part of the brain
called the substantia nigra die ( first damages the subcortical parts of the brain cause progressive loss of motor control.)

Question 19

Lewy body dementia:

Answer 19

second most common form of dementia; causes visual hallucinations and sleep disorders.

Question 20

Personality – Relatively stable

Answer 20

Big 5 personality traits: Openness, conscientiousness,
extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 21

Generativity Versus Stagnation:

Answer 21

a concern and sense of responsibility for future generations
and society as a whole.

Question 22

Cataract:

Answer 22

: a clouding of lens resulting in blurred, foggy vision.

Question 23

Macular degeneration:

Answer 23

A substantial loss of cells in the center area of the retina, causing blurring and eventual loss of central vision.

Question 24

Cognitive reserve:

Answer 24

The ability to make flexible and efficient use of available brain resources to promote cognitive efficiency, flexibility, and adaptability. ( an example would be Bilingualism )

Question 25

Nursing homes

Answer 25

Nursing homes may be restrictive of adults’ autonomy.

Question 26

Factors influencing Retirement:

Answer 26

Poor health and visual and hearing impairments, personal preferences etc.

Question 27

Socioemotional selectivity theory

Answer 27

The functions of social interactions change with
age and psychological and cognitive development.

Question 28

Continuity theory:

Answer 28

Successful aging entails not simply remaining active but maintain a sense of consistency in self across their past into their future.

Question 29

Activity theory

Answer 29

: Declines in social interaction are not a result of adults’ desires, but are instead a function of social barriers to engagement.

Question 30

Disengagement theory

Answer 30

: A commonly held, incorrect belief, states that older adults
are thought to disengage from society as they anticipate death

Question 31

Osteoporosis

Answer 31

A disorder characterized by severe bone loss resulting in brittle and easily fractured bones.

Question 32

Osteoarthritis:

Answer 32

The most common type of arthritis; affects the joints that we mostuse, like the hips, knees, lower back, and hands.

Question 33

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 33

An autoimmune illness in which connective tissues become
inflamed and stiff.

Question 34

Secular trend

Answer 34

The lowering of the average age of puberty with each generation from prehistoric to the present times. (3-4 months per decade)

Question 35

Subjective age:

Answer 35

refers to how old one feels and is an important aspect of self.

Question 36

Examples of Age discrimination:

Answer 36

Not hiring due to age, reducing, or denying certain
benefits, being mocked, ridiculed,

Question 37

Ego integrity vs. despair

Answer 37

The last stage in Erikson’s psychosocial theory; older adults
find a sense of coherence in life experiences and ultimately conclude that their lives are meaningful/valuable. When one develops despair over integrity, they focus on
tragedy and believe that their life is meaningless/disappointing.