1.1 Flashcards
What is the primary function of the Control Unit in a CPU?
To coordinate all activities taking place inside the CPU
List the functions of the Control Unit.
- Controls the execution of instructions in the correct sequence
- Decodes instructions
- Regulates and controls processor timing using regular pulses from the system clock
- Sends and receives control signals to and from other devices within the computer
What does ALU stand for?
Arithmetic and Logic Unit
What are the three types of operations performed by the ALU?
- Logical Operations
- Shift Operations
- Arithmetic Operations
What types of logical operations does the ALU perform?
- AND
- OR
- NOT
What are shift operations in the context of the ALU?
The bits in a computer word can be shifted left or right by a certain number of places
List the arithmetic operations carried out by the ALU.
- Addition
- Subtraction
- Multiplication
- Division
What is a register in a CPU?
A special very fast memory location used in the execution of instructions
What is the Memory Address Register (MAR)?
Holds the address of the instruction or piece of data to be fetched or stored
What does the Memory Data Register (MDR) do?
Holds data or a program instruction temporarily when fetched from or sent to memory
What is the function of the Program Counter (PC)?
Holds the memory address of the next instruction to be processed
What is the role of the Accumulator (ACC) in a CPU?
Stores results of operations carried out in the ALU temporarily
True or False: Most processors have a single accumulator for temporary storage.
False
Fill in the blank: A CPU has a number of ________ registers.
special-purpose
What are some examples of computer systems?
Examples include mobile phones, cash machines, supermarket tills, and engine management systems in cars.
Computer systems are integrated into various everyday devices.
What is the basic model of a computer system composed of?
The basic model includes:
* CPU (processor)
* Input devices
* Output devices
* Memory (primary storage)
* Secondary storage
These components work together to process data and generate output.
What is the function of the CPU in a computer system?
The CPU (processor) processes input data and executes instructions.
It is the central component that dictates the computer’s performance.
What role do input devices play in a computer system?
Input devices convert real-world data into a form that can be stored on the computer.
Examples include keyboards, mice, and sensors.
Name three examples of input devices.
Examples of input devices include:
* Mouse
* Keyboard
* Temperature sensor (thermistor)
Input devices gather data from the environment for processing.
What type of data do output devices generate?
Output devices generate data that is presented to the user or performs actions based on processed data.
Examples include screens, actuators, and speakers.
What is the purpose of memory (primary storage) in a computer system?
Memory holds instructions currently being executed and data that is being used.
It is essential for the temporary storage of operational data.
What is secondary storage used for in a computer system?
Secondary storage is used to hold large amounts of data, including databases, text documents, programs, music files, and photographs.
It allows for long-term data retention.
Fill in the blank: All computer systems must have a __________.
central processing unit (CPU)
This is a fundamental requirement for computer operation.
True or False: A computer system can function without secondary storage.
True
While secondary storage is useful, it is not strictly necessary for a computer system to operate.
