1.1 Flashcards
what are social values
These are general principles or guidelines for how we should live our lives. They tell us what is right and wrong, good and bad.
what are social norms
While values lay down general principles or guidelines, norms are specific rules or socially accepted standards that govern people’s behaviour in particular situations.
examples of social norms
crossing at a proper crossing
greeting someone with a handshake
examples of social values
respecting human life
respecting your elders
what are moral codes
used to describe a set of basic rules, values and principles
definition of deviance
Deviance is any behaviour that differs from normal. In other words, it is behaviour that is unusual, uncommon or out of the ordinary in some way.
what does defying deviance mean
breaking norms of society
acts that are not the done thing
three types of deviance
behaviour that is unusual and good (risking owns life to save someone)
behaviour that is unusual and bizarre (talking to trees in the park)
behaviour that is unusual and bad (physically attacking someone)
what are formal sanctions for deviance
Ones imposed by official bodies such as the police, courts, schools and other institutions. (exclusion from school)
what are informal sanctions for deviance
Informal sanctions are used where the rules are not formally written down and are perhaps ‘unspoken’. (frowning upon someone doing something)
what are positive sanctions for deviance
Societies may choose to reward the behaviours they approve of generating a culture of positive reinforcement (medals of honour)
when does deviance become a crime
when you violate a written law of society
definition of criminal behaviour
Deviant behaviour which involved serious, harmful acts that are a wrong against society. These acts are regarded as so disruptive that the state must intervene to punish/protect. any action that is forbidden by the law
are all crimes harmful acts
no for example vagrancy isn’t harmful yet it is a crime
are all harmful acts crimes
no for example air pollution is harmful but not criminal
what is strict liability
sometimes a wrongful act is enough to convict someone (speeding)
how is self defence an exception of criminal activity
if you assault someone but can prove it is self defence, its not a crime
how many types of offences are there in the UK
summary offences - less serious offences (speeding)
indictable offences - more serious offence (rape or murder)
7 examples of categories of crime
violence against a person
sexual offence
offence against property
fraud and forgery
criminal damage
drug offence
public order offences
formal sanctions in court
custodia sentences - going to prison
community sentences - community service
fines - paying
discharge - no crimes for a certain time period
formal sanctions in police
cautions - warnings
conditional cautions - following certain rules
penalty notice - no conviction if you pay the penalty
what are the other implications of committing a crime
you will also receive a criminal record
exclusion from certain places
banned from travelling
