1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pure Substance

A

A material with a constant composition; it contains only one type of particle and has distinct chemical properties.

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2
Q

Element

A

A pure substance that consists of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down by chemical means.
Example: Oxygen (O), Carbon (C)

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3
Q

Compound

A

A pure substance made of two or more different elements chemically bonded in a fixed ratio.
Example: Water (H₂O), Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

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4
Q

Mixture

A

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded and can be separated by physical means.

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5
Q

Heterogeneous Mixture

A

A mixture in which the composition is not uniform; different components are visibly distinct.
Example: Salad, Sand and Iron Filings

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6
Q

Homogeneous Mixture

A

A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout; also known as a solution.
Example: Saltwater, Air

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7
Q

Filtration

A

A separation technique used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.
Example: Sand and water mixture

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8
Q

Distillation

A

A process used to separate mixtures based on differences in boiling points, often separating a liquid from a solution.
Example: Separating alcohol from water

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9
Q

Paper Chromatography

A

A technique used to separate substances based on their solubility in a solvent, often used to separate colored pigments.

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10
Q

Solid

A

Definite shape and volume, particles are closely packed in a fixed arrangement and vibrate in place.
Example: Ice, Iron

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11
Q

Liquid

A

Definite volume but no fixed shape, takes the shape of its container, particles are close but can slide past each other.
Example: Water, Oil

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11
Q

Gas

A

No definite shape or volume, expands to fill the container, particles are far apart and move freely.
Example: Oxygen (O₂), Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

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12
Q

Melting

A

The change of state from solid to liquid as heat is absorbed, causing particles to gain energy and move more freely.

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13
Q

Freezing

A

The change of state from liquid to solid as heat is lost, causing particles to lose energy and arrange into a fixed structure.

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14
Q

Evaporation

A

The change of state from liquid to gas occurring at the surface of the liquid as particles gain enough energy to escape.

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15
Q

Boiling

A

The rapid change of state from liquid to gas that occurs when a liquid is heated to its boiling point.
Example: Water boiling at 100°C

16
Q

Condensation

A

The change of state from gas to liquid as gas particles lose energy and come closer together.
Example: Water vapor condensing on a cold window

17
Q

Sublimation

A

The direct change of state from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state, as particles gain enough energy to separate.

18
Q

Deposition

A

The direct change of state from gas to solid without passing through the liquid state, as particles lose energy and settle into a solid form

19
Q

Soild–> Liquid

A

When solid reaches the melting point it reaches a state of plateu because the energy added during this stage is to break the interparticle forces not raise kenetic energy