1.1 Flashcards
What is cellular differentiation
Process by which a cell expresses
certain genes to produce protein characteristic for that type of cell
What is a somatic cell
Any cell in the body other than reproductive cells
What is a germiline cell
Sex cells/gametes (sperm and ova) and the stem cells that divide to form gametes
How do somatic cells divide
By mitosis to form more somatic cells
How do germiline cells divide
By mitosis and meosis
How do germiline cells divide
By mitosis and meiosis
What is mitosis
A process which maintains the diploid chromosome number (23 pairs)
What is meiosis
A process which creates two haploid (23) gametes
1st stage of mitosis
Parent cell goes through DNA replication chromosomes turn into homologous chromosomes made up of 2 chromotids
2nd stage of mitosis
Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell
3rd stage of mitosis
Spindle fibres pull chromotids to opposite poles of the cell
4th stage of mitosis
Cytoplasm splits and 2 identical daughter cells are formed
1st says he of meiosis
Parent cell goes through DNA replication chromosomes turn into homologous chromosomes made up of two chromotids
2nd stage of meiosis
Similar chromosomes lineup along the equator
3rd stage of meiosis
Some DNA on chromosomes are swapped
3rd stage of meiosis
Some DNA on chromosomes are swapped
Fourth sage of meiosis
Two cells are made containing homologous chromosomes and they divide divide to make for genetically different daughter cells all haploid
Therapeutic uses of stem cells
To repair damaged or diseased organs
To regenerate damaged skin
For corneal repairs
Therapeutic uses of stem cells
To repair damaged or diseased organs
To regenerate damaged skin
For corneal repairs
Research uses of stem cells
To test drugs
To use as model sales to study how disease develop
Research uses of stem cells
To test drugs
To use as model sales to study how disease develop
Ethical uses of stem cells
Good- they treat diseases
Bad -destruction of Em
What are embryonic stem cells?
Pluripotent
What are embryonic stem cells?
Pluripotent
What are tissue stem cells?
Multipotent
What are tissue stem cells?
Multipotent
What does pluripotent mean?
At means that less type of stem cell can become any type of cell / all old jeans and embryonic stem cells can be switched on
What does multipotent mean?
This type of stem Sue can only become some types of cells
What are cancer cells?
They are abnormal sales that do not respond to regulatory signals inthe body
How are cancer sales formed?
The delayed rapidly and excessively to form a mass of abnormal cells called a tumor
