1.1-1.7 Section One Terms

Question 1

Randomization

Answer 1

The procedure in which elements are assigned to different (treatment and control) groups at random

Question 3

Descriptive statistics

Answer 3

Collection of methods for organizing, displaying and describing data using tables, graphs and summary measures

Question 4

Response Error

Answer 4

The error that occurs because people included in the survey do not provide correct answers

Question 5

Quantitative data

Answer 5

Data generated by a quantitative variable

Question 8

Simple random sampling

Answer 8

If all samples of the same size elected from a population have the same chance of being selected.

Question 9

Inferential statistics

Answer 9

Collection of methods that help make decisions about a population based on sample results

Question 10

Sampling chance or error

Answer 10

The difference between the result obtained from a sample survey vs the result of a census

Question 11

Qualitative or categorical variable

Answer 11

A variable that cannot assume numerical values but is classified into two or more categories

Question 13

Observation or measurement

Answer 13

The value of a variable for an element

Question 15

Stratified random sampling

Answer 15

A sample technique in which the population is divided into different strata and a sample is chosen from each stratum

Question 17

Representative Sample

Answer 17

A sample that contains the characteristics of the population as closely as possible

Question 19

Survey

Answer 19

Collecting data from the elements of a population or sample

Question 20

Voluntary response error

Answer 20

The error that occurs because a survey is not conducted on a randomly selected sample but people are invited to respond voluntarily to the survey

Question 22

Selection error

Answer 22

The error that occurs because the sampling frame is not representative of the population

Question 24

Element/member

Answer 24

A specific subject or object included in a sample or population

Question 25

Control group

Answer 25

The group in which no condition is imposed

Question 26

Statistics

Answer 26

Science of collection, analyzing, presenting and Interpreting data and making decisions

Question 27

Quantitative variable

Answer 27

A variable that can be measured numerically

Question 28

Judgement sample

Answer 28

A sample that includes the elements of a population selected based on the judgement and prior knowledge of an expert

Question 31

Random Sample

Answer 31

A sample drawn in such a way that each element it the population has some chance of being included in the sample

Question 32

Cluster

Answer 32

A subgroup of the population that is representative of the population (usually geographical)

Question 35

Cross-section data

Answer 35

Data collected on different elements at the same point in time or for the same period of time

Question 36

Sample

Answer 36

A portion of the population of interest

Question 37

Treatment

Answer 37

A condition (or set of conditions) that is imposed on a group of elements by the experimenter. This group is called the treatment group

Question 39

Time series data

Answer 39

Data that gives the values of the same variable for the same element at different points in time or for different periods of time

Question 41

Target population

Answer 41

The collection of all subjects of interest

Question 42

Population/target population

Answer 42

The collection of all elements whose characteristics are being studied

Question 45

Sampling frame

Answer 45

The list of elements of the target population That is used to select a sample

Question 46

Systematic random sampling

Answer 46

A sampling method used to choose a sample by selecting every kth unit from the list

Question 47

Variable

Answer 47

A characteristic under study or investigation that assumes different values for different elements

Question 48

Stratum

Answer 48

A subgroup of the population whose members are identical with regard to the possession of a characteristic

Question 52

Discrete variable

Answer 52

A quantitative variable whose values are countable

Question 53

Quota sample

Answer 53

A sample selected in such a way each group or sub populations represented in the same sample in exactly the same proportion as in the target population

Question 55

Non-sampling or systematic errors

Answer 55

Errors that occur in the collection, recording and tabulation of data

Question 56

Census

Answer 56

A survey conducted by including every element of a population

Question 57

Sample survey

Answer 57

A survey that includes elements of a sample

Question 58

Double blind experiment

Answer 58

An experiment where neither the doctors/researchers or the patients/members know which group a patient (or member) belongs.

Question 59

Designed experiment

Answer 59

A study in which the experimenter controls the assignment of elects to different treatment groups

Question 62

Experiment

Answer 62

A method of collecting data by controlling some or all factors

Question 63

Cluster Sampling

Answer 63

A sampling technique in which the population is divided into clusters and a sample is chosen from one or a few clusters

Question 65

Observational study

Answer 65

A study in which the assignment of elements to different treatments is voluntary and the researcher simply observes the results of the study

Question 67

Data or data set

Answer 67

Collection of observations or measurements on a variable

Question 68

Qualitative or categorical data

Answer 68

Data generated by the qualitative variable

Question 71

Convenience sample

Answer 71

A sample that includes most accessible members of the population

Question 74

Non response error

Answer 74

The error that occurs because many or the people included in the sample do not respond

Question 81

Continuous variable

Answer 81

A quantitative variable that can assume any numerical value over a certain interval or intervals