1.1 Flashcards
Define an atom
Ions and balancing equations
An atom is the smallest part of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction
Define an element
An element is a substance that cannot be split into anything simpler by chemical means
Define an ion
An ion is where an element gains or loses electrons/ has a charge
Define a cation
A cation is a positively charged ion, where electrons have been lost
Define an anion
An anion is a negatively charged ion where electrons have been gained
What charge metals have?
Positive
What charge to non-metals have?
Negative
How do you calculate what charge an element will have
The number of electrons it needs to lose/gain in order to obtain full shells
What is the only positively charged complex ion?
Ammonium (NH4 +)
What negatively charged complex ions have a charge of -1?
Hydroxide (OH -)
Nitrate (NO3 -)
Nitrite (NO2 -)
Hydrogencarbonate (HCO3 -) Hydrogensulphate (HSO4 -)
What negatively charged complex ions have a charge of -2?
Sulfate (SO4 2-)
Sulfite (SO3 2-)
Carbonate (CO3 2-)
What negatively charged complex ion has a charge of -3
Phosphate (PO4 3-)
What are the common acids?
Hydrochloric (HCl)
Sulfuric (H2SO4)
Nitric (HNO3)
What is an ionic equation?
An ionic equation involves only the reacting particles and the products they form. It involves any ion in solution
What is essential in an ionic equation?
- The state symbols
- The products cannot be aqueous
