1.1 - 1.4 Flashcards
What is inversely proportional to the energy of a photon?
The wavelength of the emitted photon, as the wavelength decreases when energy increases
Why do certain colors get emitted by certain elements
Certain colors are emitted because the energy (light or electricity or heat) coming in will excite the electrons and make em release photons
What is the emitted photon from level 5 to 2 called?
It is part of the Balmer series, and will emit blue light.
What is the Lyman Series?
It’s any UV light as a result of any energy level dropping down to 1
What is the Paschen Series
Infrared light emissions, anything to level 3.
What is Ground State?
Ground state is level 1, the lowest possible energy level for an electron.
What is a spectral reading for a compound and how can we tell what is in the compound
A spectral reading for an element tells us which wavelengths are emitted, we can then compare it to the spectral emissions of certain elements to see if they are present in the compound
How many electron pairs does an f-type orbital have?
It has 7 pairs of electrons.
What is the shape of each type of orbital?
S is a circle, p is a hourglass, d is a four leaf clover or bowtie, f we dont need to know.
What kinds of orbitals can be in the 6th energy level
There can either be 6s, 6p or 6d
Which type of electrons are filled first? (Hint: up or down)
Up-spinned electrons are always filled first.
What is the aufbau principle? (Hint; aufbau pyramid / diagram)
Certain orbitals will be filled in a specific order, so 4s will be filled before 3d.
What is the closest shorthand to Cl
The closest shorthand would be Neon.
What is the exception to the aufbau principle?
The exception to the aufbau principle is when an ion will pull electrons out of 4s before 3d to either be full or half-full.
What is a principal quantum number (also known as n)
The principal quantum number is basically the energy level (2 in 2, 3 in 3p etc)
What is an azimuthal quantum number (l) or secondary quantum number
An azimuthal quantum number is the type of orbital (s, p, d, or f) if allowed, depending on n’s value.
What is a magnetic quantum number (ml)
A magnetic quantum number represents a specific electron pair within the orbital, it will be from range -L to L.
What are the acceptable values for spin quantum number
+ or - 1/2
What are the two ideas of periodic trends?
1) as the number of protons increases, the pull on the electrons increases
2) as the number of shells increases, the pull on electrons gets weaker because the electrons get farther.
What is atomic radius?
Atomic radius is the radius of the nucleus to the outermost electron
What is the trend for atomic radius?
Going down, it increases
Going right, it decreases
Any variant of this answer is ok
What is ionization energy
Ionization energy is the energy required to rip away a single electron from an atom.
What is the trend for ionization energy
Ionization energy increases going to the right
It decreases going down.
It’s because there are more protons going right, so it’s harder to rip apart.
What is the exception for ionization energy
Stable subshells will be harder to rip an electron from than an unstable subshell.
What is electronegativity
Electronegativity is how much an atom would like to pull an electron in
What is the trend of electronegativity
It decreases going down and increases going right
What is electron affinity
Electron affinity is how much energy is freed when an atom gets a single electron.
It will party hard when it becomes stable
What is the exception for electron affinity
Electron affinity will be lower for atoms with half or full sub shells / orbitals (prior to getting that new electron)
