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EXB 117 FINAL > 11-12. Female Athlete Triad > Flashcards

11-12. Female Athlete Triad Flashcards

1
Q

What is Wolff’s Law for bone?

A

Bone undergoes local, specific remodeling according to the forces it experiences

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2
Q

What does DEXA stand for?

A

Dual Emission Xray Absorptiometry

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3
Q

What effect do oral contraceptives and external hormones play in treating the female athlete triad?

A

None w/o change in diet and exercise regimen

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4
Q

What are the treatment options for osteoporosis?

A
  • Vitamin D, sunlight
  • Calcium
  • Bisphosphates
  • Calcitonin
  • Fluoride
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5
Q

What is the “secret ingredient” of osteoporosis treatment? How does it work?

A

Loading exercise both drives and directs bone disposition where it is needed

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6
Q

When do most peeps achieve peak bone mineral?

A

25 years old

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7
Q

How does the life-span time course of bone mineral density change after age 35?

A

Start to lose bone

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8
Q

What effect do pharmaceutical treatments for osteoporosis have in older age? What age?

A

After age 40, rarely adds significantly (3%) to bone mass

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9
Q

What hormonal problem afflicts both young women w/ the athletic triad and post-menopausal women?

A

Decreased estrogen

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10
Q

What is primary amenorrhea?

A

No menstrual periods by age 16

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11
Q

What is secondary amenorrhea?

A

Absence of 3-6 consecutive cycles or less than 3 cycles/year after onset of established cyclic menstruation

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12
Q

Define menopause.

A

Natural decline of reproductive hormones that occurs in women starting in their 40s-50s

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13
Q

What makes up the female athletic triad?

A
  • Disordered eating
  • Amenorrhea
  • Osteoporosis
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14
Q

What is EDNOS?

A

Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified = peeps who don’t meet the exact criteria for anorexia or bulimia, but exhibit the behavior

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of anorexia nervosa?

A
  • Weight 15% below expected (less than 85% IBW)
  • Morbid fear of fatness or weight gain
  • Feel and look “fat” when actually thin
  • Amenorrhea
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16
Q

What are the characteristics of bulimia nervosa?

A
  • Recurrent episodes of binge eating and purge behaviors w/o restriction
  • Behaviors occurring at least 2x/week for at least 3 months
  • Self esteem influenced by body image
  • Can occur w/ or w/o menstrual irregularity
17
Q

What are the characteristics of EDNOS?

A
  • Intermittent episodes of binge eating OR food restriction
  • Intermittent inappropriate purge behaviors
  • Episodes that are less frequent or result in differential weight or menses changes
18
Q

Define osteoporosis.

A

Low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue micro-architecture leading to enhanced skeletal fragility and increased risk of fracture

19
Q

When do older males develop their osteoporosis relative to women?

A
  • Males: later

- Females: earlier

20
Q

What is the prevalence of eating disorders in the general population?

A

1-4%

21
Q

What is the prevalence of amenorrhea in the general population vs. female athletes?

A
  • G pop = 2-5%

- Athletes = 44%

22
Q

What is the mortality rate of eating disorders?

A

10-18%

23
Q

What medical probs are eating disorders associated w/?

A
  • Electrolyte disturbances

- Cardiac dysfunction

24
Q

What psychological probs are eating disorders associated w/?

A
  • Depression

- Suicide

25
Q

What are the warning signs of anorexia?

A
  • Drastic weight loss
  • Preoccupation w/ food, calories, and weight
  • Wearing baggy or layered clothing
  • Relentless excessive exercise
  • Avoiding food-related social activities
26
Q

What are the warning signs of bulimia?

A
  • Noticeable weight loss or gain
  • Excessive concern about weight
  • Bathroom visits after meals
  • Depressive moods
  • Strict dieting followed by eating binges
  • Increased criticism of one’s body
27
Q

What are the known health consequences of amenorrhea?

A
  • Infertility

- Decreased bone mass

28
Q

What are the health consequences of osteoporosis?

A
  • Premature bone loss
  • Increased stress fractures
  • Increased fractures in the spine and hips
29
Q

What is the effect of estrogen on osteoblasts? Osteoclasts?

A
  • Turns off osteoclasts

- Stimulates osteoblasts

30
Q

In what temporal order do the 3 features of the athletic triad usually occur?

A
  1. Disordered eating
  2. Amenorrea
  3. Osteoporosis
31
Q

Which structural element of bone is mort affected by loss of estrogen?

A

Trabecular

32
Q

Is the exogenous replacement of estrogen sufficient to restore bone integrity?

A

No

33
Q

What are the psychological and social factors that drive a young woman to continue disordered eating and/or excessive training even after this behavior adversely affected her health?

A
  • Pressure to perform and win (coaches, teammates, parents)

- Distorted body image and self esteem

EXB 117 FINAL (4 decks)

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