1.1 - 1.2 - 1.3 Flashcards
What is design obsolescence?
Where a company specifically design products to not last long to there is a constant demand for new products, to increase sales
Example of design obsolescence
A laptop/phone - designed to slow down after new models are released
What is designing for maintenance?
Companies design products which can be repaired or with removable parts which can be replaced
To keep prices low, manufacturers…. 1)
Automating factories, replacing human workforce = workers paid less and in poor conditions, less jobs for people
To keep prices low, manufacturers… 2)
Making products in a country where labour and resources are cheaper = transport of products between countries increases carbon emissions
To keep prices low, manufacturers… 3)
Using inferior materials and components that won’t last = water scarcity and pollution can be caused by excessive farming, or irresponsible disposal of due effluent and toxic chemicals
What could happen to a product once someone has Finnished using it?
Burnt, dumped in ocean, landfill, thrown away, recycled, reused, repared
Impact of some disposal practices
Waste takes up space and toxic chemicals leech out of products, polluting people, the air and waterways
What is a co-operative?
A business that is owned and managed by its workers
What is true about industry?
And increased use of robotics has let to a reduction in manual jobs
Technology push, 3 stages and examples
Research + development
New product
Introduce to public
Eg. Mobile phones, 3D TV, ipad, robotic vacuum cleaner
Market pull, 3 stages and examples
Need/requirement identified
Product development
New product
Eg. Digital computers, reusable shopping bags, gluten free products
What to consider making your design inclusive:
Colour Name and sound (pronunciation) for brand names Layout of text Materials Accessible/accessibility
Advantages of fossil fuels
Efficient amounts of energy Already set up = low running costs Provides jobs Easier to transport Can build power stations anywhere
Disadvantages of fossil fuels
Going to run out Green House gases = global warming Scaring landscapes (mining)
Advantages of nuclear power
Abundant Reliable clean source of energy Lack of carbon emissions Not going to run out soon Easy to use
Disadvantages of nuclear power
Radiation Destructive Bad reputation Energy and money to build power plant Uranium mining causes damage to environment
Types of renewable energy sources
Wind turbines Tidal power Solar power Hydroelectric power Biomass / biofuels
Advantages of renewable energy sources
Won’t run out
Sources are clean
Disadvantages of renewable energy sources
Location of source and where nergy is needed
Lack of technology to capture energy efficiently
Energy intermittent
Expensive to set up
Impact on wildlife
What is a composit material?
2 or more materials combined, these produce a material with enhanced properties
What is microencapsulation?
Solids, liquids or gases which are sealed in tiny microscopic capsules or bubbles. These can break with friction by the wearer to release different chemicals such as: Thermochromis dyes Antibacterial maferials Pesticides Perfumes Pharmaceuticals
What is Gore-tex?
Textile material with a special plastic membrane which contains lots of tiny breathable pores which can evaporate perspiration water proof and windproof (rainwear)
What is kevlar?
Textile materials made from Aramides which are particularly tough modifies polyamide (Nylon) fibres. Kevlar fibres are woven into a fabric and then layered with resin.
Properties of kevlar and end uses:
Lightweight, but incredibly strong
Resistant to chemicals and extreme heat
Durable and abrasion resistant
Bullet proof vests
Helmets
Face masks
Motor cycle clothing
What is a microfiber?
An extremely fine synthetic fibre (polyester or nylon) which is one 1/5 the width of a human hair
Properties of microfibres:
Creates an electrostatic charge that attracts particles of dust
Easy care
Fast drying
What are conductive fabrics and threads?
Electrical circuits can be integrated into textile materials using metal fibres which conduct electricity such as carbon, silver and nickel. A circuit of metal stands and electronic components are woven or sewn into the material.
End uses of conductive fabrics and threads:
Clothing with electronic sensors to monitor body temp and pulse
Military clorhing with comminucation, sat navigation or tracking devices.
What is a modern material?
Materials that have been produced through the invention or discovery of new processes. A designer will make use of these to make new and improved products.
Metal foam - properties and potential uses
Very lightweight
Hight compressive strength
Excellent energy = absorbing properties =reduces impact/absorb shock
- cars
- planes
- joint replacements
- building structures
LCD (liquid crystal displays) - properties and potential uses
Opaque when an electrical current is applied to the liquid core
- TVs
- thermometers
- clocks
Titanium - properties and potential uses
Lightweight
High strength to weight ratio
Resistant to corrosion
Does not react with the human body
-hip replacements
Graphene - properties and potential uses
Very lightweight Transparent Flexible Tough Very good conductor of electricity
- touch screen in devices
- water filtration
- electronic devices
- medical sensors + drug delivery
- energy storage + composites
What is a smart material?
A material that reacts to environmental change, such as heat or light
Stimulus = UV light, what is the smart material?
Photochromic pigments (colour change with UV livht)
Stimulus = moisture, what is the smart material?
Hydochromic pigments (colour change with water)
Stimulus = Temperature (heat), what is the smart material?
Shape memory alloys (return to original shape when heated)
Thermochromic pigments (colour change when heated)
Stimulus = PH levels, what is the smart material?
Litmus paper (colour change depending on PH levels)
Stimulus = stress, what is the smart material?
Piezoelectric matetial (create electricity when sibjectified to mechanical stress)
What does GRP stand for?
Glass re-I forced plastic
Properties of GRP
Lightweight
Good thermal insulation properties
Hight strength to weight ratio
Uses of GRP
Water tanks Surfboards Canoes Small boat hulls Bathtubs
What does CRP stand for?
Carbon fibre re-inforced plastic
Properties of CRP
Exceptionally lightweight Incredible tensile strength Very strong Best strength to weight ratio of all construction materials Much more expensive than GRP
Uses of CRP
High end products Competition bicycles Motorbikes Sports cars Aeroplane parts
